ORANGE SA : Operating and financial results for the 1st half of 2014

 press release

Paris, 29 July 2014

Operating and financial results for the 1st half of 2014

Orange stabilises EBITDA margin in 1st half 2014
Solid commercial performance with the high quality of networks well recognised

• Restated EBITDA was 6.140 billion euros in the 1^st half of 2014, resulting in a margin of 31.3%, unchanged from the 1^st half of 2013 on a comparable basis. Restated EBITDA for the 1^st half is in line with the objective of restated EBITDA of between 12.0 billion and 12.5 billion euros for the full-year 2014.

Operating costs were reduced by 511 million euros on a comparable basis (-3.7%), offsetting 70% of the downturn in revenues. Direct costs fell 5.9% (298 million euros) and indirect costs declined 2.4% (213 million euros). The cost reduction efforts carried out across the Group has enabled the target for the reduction in indirect costs to be increased to at least 300 million for the year, versus an initial target of at least 250 million euros.

• Revenues were 19.592 billion euros in the 1^st half of 2014, a decrease of 3.6% on a comparable basis (-2.6% excluding the impact of regulatory measures). The 2^nd quarter performance (-2.3% excluding the impact of regulatory measures) confirms the gradual improvement seen in the 1^st quarter (-3.0%, versus -3.8% in the 4^th quarter of 2013), related in particular to the performance in France, Belgium, Poland and the Enterprise segment, while strong growth continued in Africa and the Middle East.
• CAPEX was 2.501 billion euros, an increase of 3.1% in relation to the 1^st half of 2013 on a comparable basis, in line with the objective of achieving a stable level of CAPEX for the full year. Increasing investment in networks accelerated with the rapid growth of very high-speed broadband (4G and fibre) in Europe, particularly in France, and in mobile usage in Africa and the Middle East. The ratio of CAPEX to revenues was 12.8%, an increase of +0.8 percentage points.
• Commercial momentum remained very strong in the 1^st half, supported by investment in very high-speed broadband and the recognised quality of the Group's mobile networks. France delivered its best performance since 1^st half 2010 in terms of net sales of mobile contracts^{[1]:
  #_ftn1} (+146,000). In Spain, the mobile contract¹ customer base increased by 147,000 customers while the fixed broadband base rose by 137,000. In Poland, net sales of mobile contract¹ sales were 177,000. At 30 June 2014, mobile 4G had a total of 4.2 million customers in the United Kingdom, 2 million in France and 1.4 million in Spain. The mobile customer base in Africa and the Middle East had 3.8 million net additions in the 1^st half.
• Net income was 891 million euros in the 1^st half of 2014, 318 million euros lower than in the 1^st half of 2013, reflecting the pressure on revenues. The Group's share of net income was 744 million euros in the 1^st half of 2014.
• Net debt fell 3.307 billion euros in the 1^st half year to 27.419 billion euros at 30 June 2014. Added to the reduction of 562 million euros was the favourable impact of 2.745 billion euros from the Group's issuance of hybrid bonds^{[2]:
  #_ftn2} in the beginning of the year, which enabled it to strengthen shareholders' equity. The restated ratio of net debt to EBITDA was 2.17x at 30 June 2014, versus 2.37x at 31 December 2013, in line with the objective of a ratio closer to 2x at the end of 2014.

Outlook for 2014
Taking into account the results for the 1^st half of 2014, the Group confirms the target of achieving restated EBITDA^[3]:
#_ftn3 of between 12.0 billion and 12.5 billion euros for the full year of 2014. The restated EBITDA margin for full-year 2014 should remain stable compared to 2013.
The Group also confirms the objective of a return to a restated ratio of net debt to EBITDA closer to 2x at the end of 2014 and a restated ratio of about 2x in the medium term in order to preserve Orange's financial strength and investment capacity.
Within this framework, the Group pursues a policy of selective acquisitions by concentrating on markets in which it is already present.
The Group confirms the payment of a dividend of 0.60 euro per share for 2014^[4]:
#_ftn4. An interim dividend for 2014 of 0.20 euros per share will be paid in cash on 9 December 2014^[5]:
#_ftn5. 

Commenting on the first-half 2014 results, Orange Group Chairman and CEO Stéphane Richard said:

"These results demonstrate the company's strength and ability to react in market conditions that continue to be very challenging. We've maintained our commercial momentum, despite a hyper-competitive environment, largely due to the investments we've made in very high-speed broadband, fibre and 4G. The quality of Orange's fixed and mobile networks is widely recognised and this has allowed us to differentiate ourselves even more. It is clear that consumers are not just focused on price but are also sensitive to quality and service.

Overall, we had a solid commercial performance, particularly in France, Belgium and Poland, while in Africa and the Middle East we had the strongest growth in four years. Meanwhile, we remain focused on lightening Orange's cost structure, allowing us to stabilise our margin rate in the first half and to confirm our annual targets for 2014. We are continuing our efforts in this area and have increased our target for lowering indirect costs and now aim to achieve a reduction of more than 300 million euros in 2014. My special thanks go to all our employees for their contribution to these results which are very encouraging for the future of our Group."

key figures

• half-year data

* EBITDA restatements are described in appendix 5.

** The method of calculating the restated ratio of net financial debt to EBITDA is described in appendix 4.

*** On an historical basis, revenues in the 1^st half of 2014 declined 4.9% compared to the 1^st half of 2013, which included the impact of changes in consolidation scope (-0.8 percentage point), chiefly the disposal of Orange Dominicana on 9 April 2014, of Etrali on 3 June 2013 and of Wirtualna Polska on 13 February 2014, and the impact of foreign exchange (-0.6 percentage point), in particular the fall of the Egyptian pound, the US dollar and the Jordanian dinar.

• quarterly data

* EBITDA restatements are described in appendix 5.

*

*        *

The Board of Directors of Orange SA met on 28 July 2014 and examined the Group's financial statements.

The Group's statutory auditors performed a limited review of the half-year 2014 financial position and issued their Report on the half-year financial information for 2014 on that basis.

More detailed information is available on the Orange website:

                                                                              www.orange.com:
http://www.orange.com

comments on key Group figures

revenues

Orange Group revenues were 19.592 billion euros in the 1^st half of 2014, a decrease of 3.6% on a comparable basis. Excluding the impact of regulatory measures (-209 million euros), revenues declined 2.6%. In the 2^nd quarter of 2014, Group revenues fell 3.4% on a comparable basis. Excluding the impact of regulatory measures (-120 million euros), the decline was limited to -2.3%, confirming the gradual improvement seen in the 1^st quarter of 2014 (-3.0% after falling 3.8% in the 4^th quarter of 2013):

• in France, the decline in mobile services slowed to 8.7% in the 2^nd quarter after falling 9.1% in the 1^st quarter and 11.0% in the 4^th quarter of 2013. Fixed services benefitted from stronger growth in carrier services, while fixed broadband revenues grew 0.9% after rising 0.6% in the 1^st quarter;
• in Poland, revenues improved by 2.9 percentage points in the 2^nd quarter (-2.2%) compared to the 1^st quarter, led by sales of mobile equipment through instalment payment plans;
• in the Rest of World segment, growth accelerated in Africa and the Middle East (+9.2% in the 2^nd quarter after rising 6.0% in the 1^st quarter), attributable in particular to Mali, Guinea and Côte d'Ivoire. Europe improved (-5.7% in the 2^nd quarter after falling 8.4% in the 1^st quarter), with the gradual recovery in Belgium;
• the Enterprise segment also improved, with the decline limited to 2.7% in the 1^st half after a 5.8% decline in the 2^nd half of 2013, led by the growth of IT and integration services;
• Spain fell 4.7% in the 2^nd quarter after rising 3.2% in the 1^st quarter. The strong growth of mobile equipment sales due to the success of instalment payment plans launched in the 2^nd quarter of 2013 slowed significantly, and mobile services continued to be impacted by price reductions and the rapid growth of SIM-only offers. Conversely, the increase in fixed broadband services accelerated, led by the strong growth of convergent offers.

customer base growth

The number of mobile services customers was 178.7 million at 30 June 2014, an increase of 5.0% year on year on a comparable basis (+8.4 million net additions), led by Africa and the Middle East, which had 91.8 million customers at 30 June 2014, an increase of 9.2% (+7.7 million net additions). Orange Money had 10.8 million customers at that same date (+46% year on year).
In France, mobile contracts (21.3 million customers) rose 6.1% and represented close to 80% of the total mobile customer base. In other European countries, mobile contracts (34.5 million customers at 30 June 2014) rose 5.4% year on year on a comparable basis and represented 58% of the mobile customer base at 30 June 2014 with the increase mainly related to Spain, Poland, the United Kingdom and Romania.
Fixed broadband had a total of 15.7 million customers at 30 June 2014, an increase of 4.0% year on year and net additions of 599,000 customers, including 318,000 in Spain, 198,000 in France, 52,000 in Egypt and 28,000 in Slovakia. Fixed broadband subscribers included 494,000 fibre subscribers at 30 June 2014.

restated EBITDA

Restated EBITDA was 6.140 billion euros in the 1^st half of 2014, a decrease of 3.5% on a comparable basis. EBITDA margin was stable at 31.3% compared with the 1^st half of 2013. The reduction in operating costs was particularly significant (511 million euros for the half) and offset 70% of the reduction in revenues (-733 million euros).
Direct costs fell 298 million euros. The reduction in interconnection costs (144 million euros), related to the decline in regulated call termination rates, was less than in the 1^st half of 2013 (263 million euros), whereas the reduction in other direct costs was accentuated and represented 52% of the decline in direct costs in the 1^st half of 2014, versus 16% in the 1^st half of 2013. In particular, commercial costs fell sharply with the reduction in mobile equipment purchases related to SIM-only growth and the reduced commissions related to the streamlining of distribution channels.
Indirect costs declined 213 million euros. Labour expenses (restated) decreased 2.9% (130 million euros), with the average number of employees declining 4.0% on a comparable basis (153,575 full-time equivalents in the 1^st half of 2014, versus 160,000 in the 1^st half of 2013). Other indirect costs fell 83 million euros: savings achieved in overheads, advertising and property expenses were partially offset by increased taxes in some countries in Africa and the Middle East and in Belgium.

operating income

The Group's operating income was 2.640 billion euros in the 1^st half of 2014, representing a decrease of 353 million euros on an historical basis. On a comparable basis, the decline in operating income was 280 million euros, related in particular to the decrease in EBITDA (-376 million euros before restatements), the increase in depreciation and amortisation (-80 million euros) and the increase in impairment of assets (-39 million euros). These unfavourable items were partially offset by the decrease in impairment of goodwill of 156 million euros^[6]:
#_ftn6 and by the improvement in income from associates of 59 million euros.

net income

Consolidated net income for the Orange Group was 891 million euros in the 1^st half of 2014, versus 1.209 billion euros in the 1^st half of 2013. The decrease of 318 million euros was tied to the decline in operating income (-353 million euros), partially offset by the reduction in income tax expense (+27 million euros) and the improvement in net financial income (+8 million euros). The Group's share of net income was 744 million euros in the 1^st half of 2014, compared with 1.068 billion euros in the 1^st half of 2013. 

CAPEX

CAPEX was 2.501 billion euros in the 1^st half of 2014, resulting in a CAPEX-to-revenues ratio of 12.8%, an increase of 0.8 percentage points in relation to the 1^st half of 2013 on a comparable basis. Investment in the networks represented 58% of the Group's CAPEX in the 1^st half of 2014 and increased 9.0% compared with the 1^st half of 2013, led by investment in very high-speed mobile broadband (4G) and fibre.
At 30 June 2014, 4G networks covered 69% of the population in France, more than 50% in Spain, 52% in Poland and 65% in Belgium. 4G service has also been available in Romania since April and in Slovakia since early July.
In France, the deployment of fibre intensified with the number of connected households totalling 3.028 million at 30 June 2014, an increase of 455,000 households in six months (+18%).
CAPEX also rose sharply in Africa and the Middle East, particularly in Egypt, Cameroon and Guinea, to support the rapid growth of mobile usage.
The quality of the Group's mobile networks is particularly well recognised. In France, Orange's number 1 ranking in mobile networks was confirmed by the ARCEP report of June 2014; that same survey confirmed that Orange offers the best 2G, 3G and H+ mobile networks. In Belgium and the United Kingdom, Orange is 1^st for the speed of its 4G networks, while in Africa and the Middle East, Orange is leader or joint-leader in customer satisfaction in 15 of 18 countries.  

net financial debt

The Orange Group had net financial debt of 27.419 billion euros at 30 June 2014, a reduction of 3.307 billion euros compared to the level at 31 December 2013. The restated ratio of net financial debt to EBITDA was 2.17x at 30 June 2014, versus 2.37x at 31 December 2013. The main changes to net financial debt in the 1^st half of 2014 are presented in appendix 4.

changes to portfolio of operations

Orange Polska finalised the 100% disposal of its subsidiary Wirtualna Polska in Poland on 13 February 2014. In addition, the Group completed the 100% disposal of Orange Dominicana in the Dominican Republic on 9 April 2014. Income from the disposal of Orange Dominicana was 281 million euros at 30 June 2014, and the net amount received (after capital gains tax) was 806 million euros on that same date. In addition, the Group announced the signing of an agreement on 19 May for the disposal of its majority interest in Orange Uganda.

review by operating segment

France

In France, revenues continued their gradual improvement during the 2^nd quarter of 2014, with a decrease limited to 4.2% after the 5.0% decrease in the 1^st quarter (-4.0% and -4.9% respectively excluding the impact of regulatory measures).
Mobile services, which declined 8.7% in the 2^nd quarter of 2014 after falling 9.1% in the 1^st quarter, excluding the impact of regulatory measures, were affected by price reductions related to the updated Origami, Open and Sosh offers and by growth of SIM-only offers. Commercial momentum continued to be very strong: net contract sales^[7]:
#_ftn7 in the 1^st half of 2014 rose 146,000, the best performance since the 1^st half of 2010, led by the Origami and Open premium offers, which represented 59% of consumer contracts at 30 June 2014, and by the Sosh online offer (2.178 million customer on that same date), which were up 59% year on year. The total contract customer base (21.254 million customers at 30 June 2014) rose 6.1% year on year. There were 2.0 million 4G customers at 30 June 2014, having doubled in six months.
Fixed services recorded a modest reduction of 0.2% in the 2^nd quarter of 2014, after declining 1.8% in the 1^st quarter (excluding the impact of regulatory measures). Most of the improvement came from carrier services, which recorded a 7.2% increase in the 2^nd quarter, led in particular by line unbundling, while traditional telephony continued its downward trend (-11.4%). Fixed broadband increased 0.9% in the 2^nd quarter after rising 0.6% in the 1^st quarter. The fixed broadband customer base (10.174 million subscribers at 30 June 2014) increased 2.0% year on year. It included 415,000 fibre subscribers at that date, compared with 239,000 a year earlier. The Open convergent offers represented 37% of the fixed broadband customer base at 30 June 2014, compared with 29% a year earlier.

Restated EBITDA was 3.571 billion euros in the 1^st half of 2014, a decrease of 3.2% on a comparable basis. The ratio of restated EBITDA to revenues (37.1%) improved 0.5 percentage points in relation to the 1^st half of 2013. Reductions in the cost base offset 75% of the decrease in revenues: 224 million euros in indirect costs (labour expenses, overheads and property expenses) and 123 million euros in direct costs (mainly commercial costs).

CAPEX (1.290 billion euros in the 1^st half of 2014) remained high, both in very high-speed mobile broadband (4G), with 6,505 active sites covering 69% of the population at 30 June 2014 (versus 50% at 31 December 2013), and in very high-speed fixed broadband, with fibre connectivity in 3.028 million households at 30 June 2014, growth of 43% year on year. 

Spain

Revenues in Spain declined 4.7% in the 2^nd quarter of 2014, excluding the impact of regulatory measures, after an increase of 3.2% in the 1^st quarter. The 2^nd quarter was primarily impacted by a slowdown in mobile equipment sales revenue, which had risen strongly in the previous quarters with the rapid growth of instalment payment plans that were launched in the 2^nd quarter of 2013.
Mobile services continued to decline significantly (-13.7% in the 2^nd quarter, after declining 11.1% in the 1^st quarter, excluding the impact of regulatory measures), reflecting price reductions and the rapidly growth of SIM-only offers and Canguro convergent offers. At 30 June 2014, SIM-only offers represented 75% of the consumer contracts customer base, compared with only 15% a year earlier. Total contracts (9.145 million customers at 30 June 2014) grew 6.2%, a net increase of 531,000 year on year, of which 105,000 were achieved in the 2^nd quarter of 2014.
Growth was sustained in fixed services in the 2^nd quarter (+7.7% on a comparable basis), led by momentum in fixed broadband services (+15.5%, after rising 11.1% in the 1^st quarter). The number of broadband subscribers (1.830 million customers at 30 June 2014) climbed 21.1% year on year, led by the success of the Canguro convergent offers, which represented 75% of the fixed broadband customer base versus 55% a year earlier.

Restated EBITDA was 461 million euros in the 1^st half of 2014, a decrease of 1.7%. Reductions to the cost base offset most of the decline in revenues. They included both direct costs (reduction in interconnection costs and commercial costs) and indirect costs (particularly the reduction in advertising expenses). The restated EBITDA margin was 24.0%, an increase of 0.8 percentage points compared to the 1^st half of 2013.

CAPEX (281 million euros in the 1^st half of 2014) increased 18.5% compared to the 1^st half of 2013, led by investment in 4G and fibre. At 30 June 2014, the 4G network provided coverage for more than 50% of the population compared with 30% at 31 December 2013. The deployment of fibre in partnership with Vodafone continued.   

Poland

Revenues in Poland improved noticeably in the 2^nd quarter of 2014, with a modest reduction of 2.2% excluding the impact of regulatory measures, after a 5.1% reduction in the 1^st quarter. This improvement was mainly due to the increase in mobile equipment sales generated by the development of instalment payment plans and to revenues related to the completion of infrastructure projects in cooperation with local authorities.
Mobile services, impacted by price reductions and the marketing of SIM-only offers, recorded a reduction of 2.9% in the 2^nd quarter, after declining 1.0% in the 1^st quarter (excluding the impact of regulatory measures). Commercial momentum remained strong, especially in the contract segment, with 99,000 net additions in the 2nd quarter (+489,000 year on year) and the Orange Open convergent offers customer base more than tripling in one year (418,000 customers at 30 June 2014). The total mobile customer base at 30 June 2014 had increased 3.4% year on year.
Fixed services declined 7.4% in the 2^nd quarter of 2014, excluding the impact of regulatory measures, after declining 7.7% in the 1^st quarter. Traditional telephony continued its downward trend (-12.4%), while fixed broadband revenues declined 1.4%, reflecting the change in the customer base (-1.5% year on year).

Restated EBITDA was 466 million euros in the 1^st half of 2014, a 4.5% decrease on a comparable basis. The restated ratio of EBITDA to revenues (+32.0%) improved 0.7 percentage points in relation to the 1^st half of 2013 due to continuing major efforts to reduce indirect costs (labour expenses, overheads and advertising expenses) and a reduction in direct costs, notably interconnection costs and commercial costs.

CAPEX (183 million euros in the 1^st half of 2014) decreased 9.4% on a comparable basis due to the end of the fixed broadband programme carried out after an agreement with the regulator. Investment in 4G remained strong, with 3,500 active sites covering 52% of the population at 30 June 2014. The 3G network sharing programme with
T-Mobile is nearing completion (9,600 sites shared at 30 June 2014).

Rest of World

Revenues in the Rest of World segment rose 0.2% in the 2^nd quarter of 2014 after declining 1.2% in the 1^st quarter, on a comparable basis. Excluding the impact of regulatory measures, revenues increased 2.5% in the 2^nd quarter after decreasing 0.2% in the 1^st quarter.
In Africa and the Middle East, revenue growth accelerated to 9.2% in the 2^nd quarter after rising 6.0% in the 1^st quarter (excluding the impact of regulatory measures), led by strong growth in the mobile customer base, which had 91.8 million customers at 30 June 2014 after 7.7 million net additions year on year (+9.2%). Mali, Guinea, Egypt, Côte d'Ivoire and the Congo were the principal contributors. Orange Money had 10.8 million customers at 30 June 2014, an increase of 46% year on year.
In Europe, the revenue trend improved in the 2^nd quarter with the decrease limited to 5.7%, after declining 8.4% in the 1^st quarter, excluding the impact of regulatory measures. This reflected the gradual recovery in Belgium
(-13.1%, after falling 18.7% in the 1^st quarter), where mobile services were impacted by major tariff overhauls in 2013. In the 2^nd quarter, Slovakia declined 5.7% while Romania posted growth of 3.9%, led by mobile data services. The mobile services customer base in the Europe zone rose 0.8% year on year to 19.8 million customers at 30 June 2014.

Restated EBITDA for the Rest of World segment (1.160 billion euros in the 1^st half of 2014) was essentially stable compared with the 1^st half of 2013 (-1.0% on a comparable basis and +0.6% excluding the impact of regulatory measures). The decrease in direct costs (interconnection costs and commercial costs) offset the increase in indirect costs that related primarily to increased taxes in some countries of Africa and the Middle East and in Belgium. 

CAPEX for the segment (479 million euros in the 1^st half of 2014) rose sharply (+28.0% on a comparable basis).  In Africa and the Middle East, spending on mobile networks increased in Egypt, Cameroon and Jordan in particular, and in Europe, investment in 4G networks intensified in Belgium, Romania and Slovakia.

Enterprise

Revenues in the Enterprise segment (3.139 billion euros) significantly improved in the 1^st half of 2014, with the decline limited to -2.7% on a comparable basis after a decline of 5.3% in full year 2013.

In particular, IT and integration services increased 5.0% after falling 3.6% in 2013, led by security solutions (+34%) including the contribution from the Orange Cyberdefense subsidiary, cloud computing (+18%) and image services (+17%). Unified communications and collaboration services also contributed to the improving trend with an increase of 1.5% excluding equipment sales, after declining 5.4% in 2013.

Data services fell 4.1%. Legacy data services continued to decline (-18.2%), while IP-VPN services decreased just 0.8% after significant price reductions in 2013.

Voice services declined 7.4%. The 9.8% decrease in traditional fixed telephony and customer relations services was partly offset by the growth in Voice over IP (+5.6%) and audio-conferencing services (+11.6%).

Restated EBITDA for the segment (501 million euros) declined 4.3% on a comparable basis. The downturn in revenues was largely offset by the reduction in direct costs, in particular network costs (linked to improved international profitability and to a reduction in the volume of business in legacy networks), and by the reduction in overheads and other indirect costs.

CAPEX (154 million euros) increased 5.8% on a comparable basis, due in particular to ongoing deployment and to upgrades to installed equipment.

schedule of upcoming events

• 23 October 2014: third-quarter 2014 results

contacts

All press releases are available on the Group's websites:

• www.orange.com:
  http://www.orange.com/
• www.orange.es:
  http://www.orange.es/
• www.ee.co.uk:
  http://www.ee.co.uk/
• www.tp-ir.pl:
  http://www.tp-ir.pl/
• www.orange-business.com:
  http://www.orange-business.com/

disclaimer
This press release contains forward-looking statements about us. Although we believe these statements are based on reasonable assumptions, they are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including matters not yet known to us or not currently considered material by us and there can be no assurance that anticipated events will occur or that the objectives set out will actually be achieved. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results anticipated in the forward-looking statements include, among others: intense competition in the telecommunications industry, our ability to find growth opportunities in new markets and activities, deterioration of the general economic and business conditions in the markets served by us, or the failure of such conditions to improve, overall trends in the economy in general and in our markets, the effectiveness of the Conquests 2015 industrial project, including, but not limited to, the success of the action plans regarding human resources and information technologies, network development, customer satisfaction and international expansion, as well as the effectiveness of other strategic, operating and financial initiatives, our ability to adapt to the ongoing transformation of the telecommunications industry, in particular to technological developments and new customer expectations, legal and regulatory developments and constraints, and the outcome of legal proceedings related to regulation and competition, the success of our domestic and international investments, joint ventures and strategic relationships, risks related to information and communication technology systems generally, exchange rate fluctuations and interest rate fluctuations, our ability to access the capital markets and the conditions of capital markets in general. More detailed information on the potential risks that could affect our financial results can be found in the Registration Document filed with the French Autorité des Marchés Financiers (AMF) on April 29, 2014 and in the annual report on Form 20-F filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on April 30, 2014. Except to the extent required by law (in particular pursuant to sections 223-1 and seq. of the General Regulations of the AMF), Orange does not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements.

appendix 1: consolidated income statement

appendix 2: consolidated statement of financial position

appendix 3: consolidated statement of cash flows

appendix 4: change in net financial debt for the first half of 2014

1. Decreased financial expenses paid in the 1^st half of 2014 compared with the 1^st half of 2013 due to debt reduction and to the lower cost of debt; increase in the dividend paid by EE.
2. Change in WCR due to the seasonality of certain payments (in particular purchases of mobile handsets and profit-sharing) and to the increase in receivables generated by handset sales under the instalment payment plan.
3. Other operating items: in particular, impact of the seasonality of payments related to CAPEX and increase in payments due related to restructuring expenses.
4. Balance of dividend paid on 5 June 2014 (0.50 euros per share).
5. Disposal of Orange Dominicana and of Wirtualna Polska in the 1^st half of 2014.
6. Issuance of hybrid bonds in the net amount of 2.7 billion euros (perpetual subordinated debt) in February 2014.
    
7. The ratio of restated net financial debt to EBITDA is calculated as a ratio of net financial debt, including 50% of the net financial debt of the Everything Everywhere joint venture in the United Kingdom, to restated EBITDA calculated for the 12 previous months and including 50% of the EBITDA of the Everything Everywhere joint venture in the United Kingdom.

At 30 June 2013, the ratio of restated net financial debt to EBITDA includes the impact of a payment related to a tax dispute concerning the 2005 financial year (-2.146 billion euros) paid in the 2^nd half of 2013. Excluding the impact of this dispute, the ratio of restated net financial debt to EBITDA was 2.21 on that date.

appendix 5: analysis of restated consolidated EBITDA

* EBITDA restatements relate to the following exceptional events:

In the 1^st half 2014:

• a net expense for various disputes of 333 million euros related to the resolution of certain disputes in France and at the Group level, in particular a settlement fee pursuant to the agreement signed in March 2014 between Orange and Bouygues Telecom;
• an expense of 183 million euros related to the Part Time for Seniors plan in France and other items related to labour expenses;
• a restructuring expense of 56 million euros;
• income of 281 million euros on the disposal of Orange Dominicana in the Dominican Republic;
• income of 68 million euros on the disposal of Wirtualna Polska in Poland.

In the 1^st half 2013:

• an expense of 78 million euros related to the Part Time for Seniors plan in France and other items related to labour expenses;
• a restructuring expense of 4 million euros;
• 13 million euros in net proceeds from various litigation cases.

* EBITDA restatements relate to the following exceptional events:

In the second quarter of 2014:

• an expense of 147 million euros related to the Part Time for Seniors plan in France and other items related to labour expenses;
• a restructuring expense of 56 million euros;
• income of 281 million euros on the disposal of Orange Dominicana in the Dominican Republic.

In the second quarter of 2013:

• an expense of 39 million euros related to the Part Time for Seniors plan in France and other items related to labour expenses;
• 13 million euros in net proceeds from various litigation cases.

appendix 6: revenues by operating segment

appendix 7: key performance indicators

appendix 8: glossary

Key figures

comparable basis: data based on comparable accounting principles, scope of consolidation and exchange rates are presented for previous periods. The transition from data on an historical basis to data on a comparable basis consists of keeping the results for the period ended and then restating the results for the corresponding period of the preceding year for the purpose of presenting, over comparable periods, financial data with comparable accounting principles, scope of consolidation and exchange rates. The method used is to apply to the data of the corresponding period of the preceding year, the accounting principles and scope of consolidation for the period just ended as well as the average exchange rate used for the income statement for the period ended.

EBITDA: Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortisation. This indicator corresponds to operating income before depreciation and amortisation, before revaluation related to acquisitions of controlling interests, before reversal of currency translation reserves of liquidated entities, before impairment of goodwill and assets, and before income from associates. EBITDA is not a financial performance indicator as defined by IFRS standards and is not directly comparable to indicators referenced by the same name in other companies.

CAPEX: capital expenditure on tangible and intangible assets excluding telecommunication licences and investments through finance leases.

average number of employees (full time equivalents): average number of active employees on the last day of the period, prorated for their work time, including both permanent contracts and fixed-term contracts.

Mobile services

revenues from mobile services: include revenues generated by incoming and outgoing calls (voice, SMS and data services), network access fees, added-value services, machine to machine, roaming revenues from customers of other networks (national and international roaming), revenues with mobile virtual network operators (MVNO) and revenues from network sharing.

mobile ARPU: the annual average revenues per user (ARPU) are calculated by dividing the revenues from incoming and outgoing calls (voice, SMS and data services), network access fees, added-value services, international roaming and incoming calls from MVNOs over the past twelve months, by the weighted average number of customers over the same period, excluding "machine to machine" customers. The weighted average number of customers is the average of the monthly averages during the period in question. The monthly average is the arithmetic mean of the number of customers at the start and end of the month. Mobile ARPU is expressed as annual revenues per customer.

roaming: use of a mobile service on the network of an operator other than that of the subscriber.

MVNO: Mobile Virtual Network Operator. These are operators that do not have their own radio network and thus use the infrastructure of third-party networks.

Fixed services

revenues from fixed services: include traditional fixed telephony, fixed broadband services, enterprise solutions and networks^[8]:
#_ftn8 and carrier services (national and international interconnections, unbundling and wholesale telephone line rentals).

fixed broadband ARPU (ADSL, FTTH, VDSL, satellite and WiMAX): the average revenues per user (ARPU) of broadband services per year are calculated by dividing the revenues generated by consumer broadband services over the past twelve months by the weighted average number of accesses over the same period. The weighted average number of accesses is the average of the monthly averages during the period in question. The monthly average is the arithmetic mean of the number of accesses at the start and end of the month. Fixed broadband ARPU is expressed as monthly revenues per access.