David R. Ginsburg

Shire Plc is a biopharmaceutical company, which engages in the research, development, licensing, manufacturing, marketing, distribution, and sale of medicines. Its products include adderall, advate, adynovate, agrylin, antithrombin 3, aralast, bebulin, buccolam, feiba, firazyr, and foznol. The company was founded in 1986 and is headquartered in Dublin, Ireland.

Part of Pfizer Inc., Parke Davis & Co. Ltd. is a private company based in Eastleigh, UK.

National Academy of Sciences operates as a private, nongovernmental institution that advises on issues related to science and technology. It provides independent, objective analysis and advice and conducts other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The firm also encourages education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science. The company was founded on March 3, 1863 and is headquartered in Washington, DC.

The American Academy of Arts & Sciences is an organization that honors excellence and brings together leaders. The non-profit company is based in Cambridge, MA.

The National Academy of Medicine (United States) is based in Washington and is focused on improving the health and well-being of individuals through various initiatives. These initiatives include the clinician well-being collaborative, which aims to accelerate the implementation of a national plan for health workforce well-being, and the development of a code of conduct for the use of artificial intelligence in health care. The organization also provides resources to support meaningful community engagement in health and health care programs and policies. Recently, the National Academy of Medicine announced the appointment of Mandy Cohen, a member of the organization, as the director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Additionally, the organization has released a publication celebrating 50 years of progress in biomedical science, health, and health care.