The following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations relates to the operations and financial condition reported in the consolidated financial statements of the Company thereto, which appear elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and should be read in conjunction with such financial statements and related notes included in this report. Except for the historical information contained herein, the following discussion, as well as other information in this report, contain "forward-looking statements," within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and are subject to the "safe harbor" created by those sections. Actual results and the timing of the events may differ materially from those contained in these forward-looking statements due to many factors, including those discussed in the "Forward-Looking Statements" set forth elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Overview Leveraging our knowledge of the educational system and environment in theU.S. and our understanding of the market demand for education services in the PRC and its changing business economy, we specialize in the delivery of customized high school and college placement advisory services as well as career advisory services to Chinese students wishing to study and gain post-graduate work experience in theU.S. Our advisory services are specifically designed to address the educational needs of the rising middle-class families inChina . The demand for our advisory services is primarily the result ofChina's decades-long one-child policy, society's focus and emphasis on children's education, and families' desire to gain access toU.S. colleges and universities as well as work experience in theU.S. 23
Having delivered customized ESL training, college and business consulting, and career advisory services to Chinese students and families since 1999, we are one of the most experienced and recognizable holistic solutions providers of education advisory services in theU.S. Additionally, recognizing the needs for enterprise training inChina , fromOctober 2016 to late 2018, we also delivered customized corporate training and advisory services to customers inChina in the food industry to help them meet the related regulatory standards. The demand for such corporate training and advisory services inChina has escalated in recent years and is driven mainly byChina's growing economy and desire to improve its competitiveness by meeting or setting international standards. Through AECSouthern Shenzhen , in fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2019 , we delivered customized high school and college placement and career advisory services to Chinese students wishing to study in theU.S. through referred by AEC New York.
Headquartered in
· Placement Advisory Services; · Career Advisory Services; ·Student & Family Services ; and · Other Advisory Services. Placement Advisory Services
Our Placement Advisory Services include Language Training and Placement Advisory, and Elite College Advisory services.
Since 1999, we have been delivering customized Language Training & Placement Advisory services to Chinese students. Our one-stop advisory service encompasses ESL training and assistance throughout the high school/college application
and admission process. Targeting the needs of Chinese families in obtaining admission toIvy League and other prestigious universities in theU.S. , our Elite College Advisory service is designed to assist qualified Chinese students in applying to prestigious colleges and universities in theU.S. Specifically, we arrange campus tours, assist our student customers with their university applications, provide tailored language training, offer guidance on interview and communication techniques, and follow up on their applications. Once our student customers are admitted into their target universities, our Placement Advisory services further extend to academic and cultural related experiences including, among other things, providing assistance with applying for a second major or minor, transferring to a different university, housing accommodations, and applying for accelerated degrees. To help students optimize their on-campus experience and train their leadership and social skills, we also organize seminars and social events with our partner scholars and universities, non-profit and for-profit business organizations. Additionally, to help enrich their cultural experiences, we organize extracurricular and artistic activities including dance, music, painting, photography, and other performance events. Career Advisory Services
Our Internship Advisory program focuses on student's career development by helping them identify and secure suitable internship and part-time or full-time work opportunities that are appropriate for their educational background and experience level. Through this program, we strive to help students map and navigate their career path and counsel them on matters including academic improvement to career assistance. Through this program, our student customers are given opportunities to communicate with professionals in their field of study and to participate in real-world case studies. Our Start-up Advisory program provides advisory services to students and/or their families who want to start or make an investment in a business in theU.S. Collaborating with our strategic partners, our services include (i) recommending alternative business development opportunities; (ii) assistance with business plan development; (iii) assistance with accounting and financial management, marketing, product and project design; and (iv) assistance in project financing. 24
Student & Family Advisory Services
Our Student & Family Advisory Services are designed to assist our students
and/or their families in the process of settling down in the
Through our business partners, we assist the students' families with purchasing real estate properties, organizing their personal financial management and investment needs, getting insurance and starting businesses. Our American Dream Program helps students' families find investment projects in theU.S. We also advise corporate clients whose executives are moving to theU.S. for work. The scope of our services includes assistance with business consulting, relocation and other aspects of family support services. Other Advisory Services
Through our Foreign Student Recruitment services, we assist universities inChina to recruit students from theU.S. We customize this service based on our strategic relationship with college and universities in theU.S. and the specific recruitment goals of these universities inChina . The demand for our recruitment services is driven mainly by the lack of an established channel to attract students from theU.S. and the needs by the Chinese universities to expand and diversify their student body. Our Foreign Educator Placement services are designed to meet the increasing demand for experienced educators and teachers from theU.S. to teach inChina . Such demand covers the need to recruit qualified US educators from Pre K-12
to teach inChina .
Pursuant to Accounting Standard Codification 280 "Segment Reporting" ("ASC 280"), we have identified two reporting segments: AEC New York and AEC Southern UK. These two segments engage two sets of customers and vendors to generate revenue and incur expenses; they generate separate financial information; and based on their financial reports and other segment specific information, our chief operating decision maker determines the resources to be allocated and evaluates the performance, of each segment.
· AEC New York capitalizes on the rising demand from the middle-class families
in
customized high school and college placement and career advisory services to
Chinese students wishing to study in the
language training, admission advisory, on-campus advisory, internship and
start-up advisory as well as student and family services.
· AEC Southern Shenzhen delivers customized high school and college placement
and career advisory services to Chinese students wishing to study in the
Significant Accounting Policies
The discussion and analysis of our consolidated financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted inthe United States of America (US GAAP). The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates including the allowance for doubtful accounts, income taxes and contingencies. We base our estimates on historical experience and on other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form our basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. The consolidated financial statements are comprised of AEC Nevada and its wholly owned subsidiaries, AEC New York and AEC Southern UK. The consolidated financial statements are comprised of AEC Nevada and its wholly owned subsidiaries, AEC New York, AEC BVI, and AEC Southern UK (until the disposition of AEC Southern UK onMay 1, 2019 ). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. OnMay 1, 2019 , AEC Nevada sold 100% of the equity interest in AEC Southern UK. We have classified the operating results of AEC Southern UK as discontinued operations in the audited consolidated statement for all periods presented in this annually report on Form 10-K. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. 25
As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate our income taxes. This process involves estimating our current tax exposure together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities. As ofDecember 31, 2019 , the Company does not have a liability for any unrecognized tax benefits. We cannot predict what future laws and regulations might be passed that could have a material effect on our results of operations. We assess the impact of significant changes in laws and regulations on a regular basis and update the assumptions and estimates used to prepare our consolidated financial statements when we deem it necessary. We have determined significant accounting principles with policies that involve the most complex and subjective decisions or assessments. While our significant accounting policies are more fully described in Note 2 to our financial statements, we believe that the following accounting policies are the most critical to aid you in fully understanding and evaluating this "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations." Both operating groups are reported under the same accounting policies/estimations. Revenue is recognized when the following criteria are met: (1) when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery of the services has occurred; (3) the fee is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured. Advisory services fees paid in advance will be reflected as deferred revenue, and they are recognized proportionally as services are completed. Fees related to compliance training and advisory services are recognized upon completion of such services. We adoptedFinancial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-02 "Leases (Topic 842)" for the three months and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2019 . We first evaluate our leases to determine whether they are classified as a finance lease or as an operating lease. A lease is a finance lease if any of the following criteria are met: (a) ownership transfers, (b) the lease includes an option to purchase the underlying asset, (c) the lease term is for the major part of the remaining economic life of the underlying asset, (d) the present value of the lease payments equals or exceeds the fair value of the underlying asset, or (e) the underlying asset is of a specialized nature that is expected to have no alternative use to the lessor at the end of the lease term. As such, all of our leases are classified as operating leases. We then determine whether the short-term exemption applies. The short-term exemption applies if the lease term 12 months or less and does not include a purchase option whose exercise is reasonably certain. If the short-term exemption applies then lease payments are recognized as expense and no asset or liability is recorded. If the short-term exemption does not apply, then we record an operating lease right-of-use asset and a corresponding operating lease liability equal to the present value of the lease payments. The ten-year commercial real estate lease we entered into inDecember 2014 did not meet the short-term exemption and, accordingly, we recorded the present value of the lease payments as a right-of-use asset and a lease liability in the unaudited consolidated balance sheet. We recognize expense on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
InJanuary 2017 , the FASB issued accounting standard update which simplifies the test for goodwill impairment. To address concerns over the cost and complexity of the two-step goodwill impairment test, the amendments in this update remove the second step of the test. An entity will apply a one-step quantitative test and record the amount of goodwill impairment as the excess of a reporting unit's carrying amount over its fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. The new guidance does not amend the optional qualitative assessment of goodwill impairment. This update is effective for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning afterDecember 15, 2019 . Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates afterJanuary 1, 2017 . The Company adopted the update in the fourth quarter of 2018. The adoption of the new standard did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements. InFebruary 2018 , the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220). The amendments in this update affect any entity that is required to apply the provisions of Topic 220, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income, and has items of other comprehensive income for which the related tax effects are presented in other comprehensive income as required by GAAP. The amendments in this Update are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning afterDecember 15, 2018 , and interim periods within those fiscal years. InOctober 2018 , the FASB issued ASU 2018-17, Consolidation (Topic 810): Targeted Improvements to the Related Party Guidance for Variable Interest Entities. ASU 2018-17 changes how entities evaluate decision-making fees under the variable interest entity guidance. To determine whether decision-making fees represent a variable interest, an entity considers indirect interests held through related parties under common control on a proportional basis, rather than in their entirety. This guidance will be adopted using a retrospective approach and is effective for the 20 The Company has assessed all newly issued accounting pronouncements released during the year endedDecember 31, 2019 and through the date of this filing and believes none of them will have a material impact on the Company's financial statements when or if adopted. 26 Results of Operations Below we have included a discussion of our operating results and material changes in the periods covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. For additional information on the potential risks associated with these initiatives and our operations, please refer to the Risk Factors sections starting on page 14 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Year Ended
For year ended December 31, 2019 2018 Variance % Key revenue streams: Placement Advisory Services 1,264,107 704,164 559,943 80 % Career Advisory Services 3,153,605 2,084,055 1,069,550 51 Student & Family Advisory Services 887,700 4,224,220 (3,336,520 ) (79 ) Other Advisory Services 3,000 - 3,000 100 Total revenues$ 5,308,412 $ 7,012,439 $ (1,707,026 ) (24 )% Gross Profit$ 2,213,944 $ 2,514,168 $ (300,224 ) (12 )% Gross Margin 42 % 36 % Revenues
· Total revenues for the year ended
representing a decrease of
ended
service requests. Total revenues for the year ended
generated by the operations of AEC New York and AEC Southern Shenzhen which
deliver customized high school and college placement and career advisory
services to Chinese students seeking to study in theU.S.
· Our revenues from placement advisory services typically fluctuate as a result
of seasonality or other factors related to the high school/college admission
process. Revenues for the year ended
advisory services increased by
for the same period in 2018. The increase in our placement advisory services
was due to the increased request from students while the allocation of our
resources to elite college advisory services brought higher income per
student. Revenues for our career advisory services increased by
51% from
reclassified revenues that would have been previously classified as student &
family advisory services to Placement Advisory Services and Career Advisory
Services. Revenues from student & family advisory services decreased by
decrease in services requests of Chinese students planning to return to the
PRC and reclassification of the revenue line from under the student & family
advisory services to placement advisory services. Revenues from other advisory
services were
hold the exhibition for student activities. For the year ended
2018, we did not receive similar request and we are seeking opportunities to
attract potential clients through event-holding for students' activities.
27
· Due to the incentives and benefits of Talents Policy that Chinese government
offers to the overseas Chinese students who wish to return to, live and work
in
expressed interest in going back to
which results in less service requests for placement advisory and student &
family advisory services than before. Additionally, the decrease in the value
of
international students is increasingly driving Chinese students to choose to
apply to universities and colleges in non-
to the PRC after graduation, rather than staying in the
effect of such recent changes, we are expanding our local services in the PRC,
concentrating on new services promotion and accelerating our mergers and
acquisitions efforts. Gross Profit & Gross Margin
· Our gross profit for the year ended
representing a decrease of
revenue due to the decrease of services request while we have been improving
efficiency, and efficient work with our vendors, which has been an intentional
effort since 2017.
· Our gross margin was approximately 42% in 2019, as compared to approximately
36% in 2018.
The following table summarizes changes in operating expenses and provision for income taxes for the periods presented:
For the year ended December 31, 2019 2018 Variance % Operating expenses Sales and marketing$ 317,248 $ 485,495 $ (168,247 ) (35 )% General and administrative 3,763,455 4,243,708 (480,253 ) (11 ) Total operating expenses$ 4,080,703 $ 4,729,203 $ (648,485 ) (14 )% Income taxes benefit$ (31,472 ) $ (764,835 ) $ 733,363 NM
Net (loss) from continuing operations
including noncontrolling interest
NM % Operating Expenses
· Total operating expenses decreased by
ended
compensation to employee occurred in 2018 and decreased sales and marketing
expenses. Income Tax Benefit
· Income tax expense of
the net effect of tax payable reversal and net loss for the period. Net Loss
· The net loss of
to the decrease in revenue.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Discontinued Operations OnMay 1, 2019 , the Company sold AEC Southern UK to three individuals, Ye Tian, Rongxia Wang andWeishou Li . As a result, (1) the financial results of AECSouthern UK were reflected in our consolidated statement of income, retrospectively, as discontinued operations beginning in the first quarter of 2019; and (2) the related assets and liabilities associated with AEC Southern UK in the consolidated balance sheet for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2018 andDecember 31, 2018 , respectively, are classified as discontinued operations. See "Note 5 - Discontinued Operations" to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in this report. 28
As ofDecember 31, 2019 , we had cash of$1,035,396 , a decrease of$949,738 from$1,985,133 as ofDecember 31, 2018 . We have financed our operations primarily through cash flow from operating and financing activities. We require cash for working capital, payment of accounts payables and accrued expenses, salaries, commissions and related benefits, and other operating expenses and income taxes. The following table sets forth a summary of our cash flows for the periods
indicated. Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 Variance % Net cash used in operating activities Net cash used in continuing operating activities$ (1,966,702 ) $ (181,237 ) $ (1,418,797 ) NM% Net cash used in by discontinued operating activities 366,668 (533,606 ) 533,606 (100 )
Net cash used in operating activities
Net cash used in investing activities Net cash used in continuing investing activities$ (7,011 ) $ -$ (7,011 ) (100 )% Net cash used in discontinued investing activities - - - NM
Net cash used in investing activities
(7,011 ) (100 )%
Net cash provided by financing activities Net cash provided by continuing financing activities$ 655,024 $ -$ 655,024 100 % Net cash provided by discontinued financing activities - - - NM Net cash provided by financing activities$ 655,024 - 655,024 100 % Effect of exchange rates changes on cash 2,283 (20,618 ) 22,901 NM Net change in cash$ (949,738 ) $ (735,461 ) $ (214,277 ) NM%
Cash Flow from Operating Activities
· Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended
was
for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 .
· These changes are primarily attributable to the combination of the following:
seasonality, where a significant portion of our clients engage our services in
the fourth quarter of the fiscal year; we now pay our service providers faster; increased tax payment.
Cash Flow from Investing Activities
· Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended
December 31, 2018 .
Cash Flow in Financing Activities
· Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended
was
ended
non-interest bearing short-term loans of
$127,606 . Consequently,China Cultural Finance Holding Company ("CCFH"), throughGuangdong Jianianhua Entertainment Co., Ltd. ("Guangdong Jianianhua"),
advanced to AEC Southern Shenzhen
and another
respectively.
Additionally, this increase also accounts for
transaction between our Company and CCHF pursuant to a share purchase
agreement (the "SPA"). Pursuant to the SPA, CCFH was to wire the purchase
price in the amount of
in exchange for shares of our common stock. However, due to foreign currency
restrictions imposed by the PRC government, both parties agreed that instead
CCFH would make a loan to AEC Southern Shenzhen, our subsidiary in the PRC, in
several installments for the aggregate amount of
related party in
contribution in the amount of
Southern HK, AEC Southern Shenzhen's holding company on
The Company has taken steps to resolve this issue of bank account restriction
and a bank account capable of accepting foreign investment is expected to be
set up by the end of this year. Once such account is set up, the Company will
repay any outstanding loans owed to CCFH's related party, while CCFH will make
a one-time payment for the remaining balance of investment to AEC Southern
to CCFH at the closing of the purchase agreement. 29 Working Capital
The following table sets forth our working capital.
Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 Variance % Total current assets$ 4,163,050 $ 5,192,079 $ (1,029,029 ) (20 )% Total current liabilities 4,147,871 3,225,784 922,087 29 Working capital$ 15,179 $ 1,966,295 $ (1,951,116 ) (99 )% Current ratio 1.00 1.61
· As of
of
2018. The decrease in working capital surplus was attributable mainly to
uncollectible accounts receivable from AEC New York while we're expecting
portion of the accounts receivable from AEC New York collected in 2020.
· We believe that our working capital will be sufficient to enable us to meet
our cash requirements for the next 12 months. However, we may incur additional
expenses as we seek to expand our operations by establishing additional
representative offices in our major market, the PRC, increasing our marketing
efforts and hiring more personnel to support our growing operations. We
believe we have adequate working capital to fund future growth activities.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We did not have, during the periods presented, and we are currently not party to, any off-balance sheet arrangements.
Seasonality
· We experience seasonality in business with students as customers, specifically
our placement advisory, career advisory and student and family services, all
related to business of AEC New York. The seasonality reflects the general
trend of the industry of admissions and education related services,
corresponding to the predominantly fall semester start dates of educational
institutions admissions. Our services are higher in the fourth and first
quarters of our fiscal year than the other two quarters, reflecting the
engagement for services of educational institutions admissions predominantly
occurring in the fourth quarter and first quarter of a calendar year, and
other consulting services corresponding to the beginning of academic year,
i.e. the fall semester. Subsequent Events
The Company's management has performed subsequent events procedures through the date the financial statements were available to be issued. There were no subsequent events requiring adjustment to or disclosure in the consolidated financial statements except for the following.
InJanuary 2020 , the Company entered into agreements pursuant to which it issued an aggregate of 700,000 shares of the Company's common stock to 2 individuals who are either employees of the Company or have been service providers to the Company, for employment-based compensation or services provided, respectively. The Company borrowed two loans of$287,282 from a shareholder of the Company,$143,641 (translated fromRMB1,000,000 ) borrowed onApril 1, 2020 , and$143,641 (translated fromRMB1,000,000 ) borrowed onMay 26, 2020 . The amounts are non-interest bearing, non-secure and due on demand.
The Company incorporated a new subsidiary,
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