You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the related notes contained elsewhere in this Annual Report. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis are set forth elsewhere in this Annual Report, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business and related financing, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. See "Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements." Our actual results may differ substantially from those referred to herein due to a number of factors, including but not limited to risks described in the section entitled "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this Annual Report.

On May 9, 2019, our predecessor company, C3J Therapeutics, Inc. ("C3J") completed a reverse merger with AmpliPhi Biosciences Corporation, a bacteriophage development stage company ("AmpliPhi"), where Ceres Merger Sub, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of AmpliPhi, merged with and into C3J (the "Merger"). Immediately prior to the Merger, AmpliPhi changed its name to Armata Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Our common stock is traded on the NYSE American exchange under the symbol "ARMP." We are headquartered in Marina del Rey, CA, in a 35,000 square-foot research and development facility built for product development with capabilities spanning from bench to clinic. In addition to microbiology, synthetic biology, formulation, chemistry and analytical laboratories, the facility is equipped with two licensed current good manufacturing practice ("cGMP") drug manufacturing suites enabling the production, testing and release of clinical material.

Statements contained in this Annual Report that are not statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements concerning product development plans, commercialization of our products, the



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expected market opportunity for our products, the use of bacteriophages and synthetic phages to kill bacterial pathogens, having resources sufficient to fund our operations into the thrid quarter of 2023, future funding sources, general and administrative expenses, clinical trial and other research and development expenses, costs of manufacturing, costs relating to our intellectual property, capital expenditures, the expected benefits of our targeted phage therapies strategy, the potential market for our products, tax credits and carry-forwards, and litigation-related matters. Words such as "believe," "anticipate," "plan," "expect," "intend," "will," "goal," "potential" and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, though not all forward-looking statements necessarily contain these identifying words. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth below under Item 1A, "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they were made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements.

Overview

We are a clinical-stage biotechnology company focused on the development of pathogen-specific bacteriophage therapeutics for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant and difficult-to-treat bacterial infections using our proprietary bacteriophage-based technology. Bacteriophages or "phages" have a powerful and highly differentiated mechanism of action that enables binding to and killing specific bacteria, in contrast to traditional broad-spectrum antibiotics. We believe that phages represent a promising means to treat bacterial infections, especially those that have developed resistance to current standard of care therapies, including the so-called multidrug-resistant or "superbug" strains of bacteria. We are a leading developer of phage therapeutics and are uniquely positioned to address the growing worldwide threat of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.

We are combining our proprietary approach and expertise in identifying, characterizing and developing both naturally-occurring and engineered (synthetic) bacteriophages with our proprietary phage-specific current good manufacturing price regulations compliant ("cGMP") manufacturing capabilities to advance a broad pipeline of high-quality bacteriophage product candidates.

We are developing and advancing our lead clinical phage candidate for Pseudomonas aeruginosa ("P. aeruginosa"). On October 14, 2020, we received the approval to proceed from the FDA for our IND application for AP-PA02. In the first quarter of 2023, Armata announced positive topline results from the completed "SWARM-P.a." study - a Phase 1b/2a, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, single ascending dose ("SAD") and multiple ascending dose ("MAD") clinical trial to evaluate the safety and tolerability of inhaled AP-PA02 in subjects with cystic fibrosis ("CF") and chronic pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection. Data indicate that AP-PA02 was well-tolerated with a treatment emergent adverse event profile similar to placebo. Pharmacokinetcs (PK) findings confirm that AP-PA02 can be effectively delivered to the lungs through nebulization with minimal systemic exposure, with single ascending doses and multiple ascending doses resulting in a proportional increase in exposure as measured in induced sputum and exposure achievement relatively consistent across patient subjects. Additionally, bacterial levels of P. aeruginosa in the sputum measured at several timepoints suggest improvement in bacterial load reduction for subjects treated with AP-PA02 at the end of treatment as compared to placebo after ten days of dosing. This study is supported by the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation ("CFF"), which granted Armata a Therapeutics Development Award of up to $5.0 million.

We are also developing a phage product candidate for Staphylococcus aureus ("S. aureus") for the treatment of S. aureus bacteremia, AP-SA02. On June 15, 2020, we entered into an agreement (the "MTEC Agreement") with the Medical Technology Enterprise Consortium ("MTEC"), pursuant to which we expect to receive a $15.0 million grant and entered into a three-year program administered by the U.S Department of Defense (the "DoD") through MTEC with funding from the Defense Health Agency and Joint Warfighter Medical Research Program. On September 29, 2022, the MTEC Agreement was modified to increase the total award by $1.3 million to $16.3 million and extend the term into the third quarter of 2024. We expect to use the grant to partially fund a Phase 1/2, multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled dose escalation study that will assess the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of our phage-based candidate, AP-SA02, for the treatment of adults with S. aureus bacteremia. On November 17, 2021, Armata announced that it had received from the FDA the approval to proceed for our Investigational New Drug application for AP-SA02. We plan to continue to advance the "diSArm" study provided that the impacts of COVID-19 do not impede our ability to enroll subjects in this clinical trial.



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On February 22, 2022, Armata announced that it had received from the FDA the approval to proceed for our IND application for AP-PA02, in a second indication, NCFB. The Company initiated a Phase 2 trial ("Tailwind") in NCFB in 2022 and reported first patient dosing in the first quarter of 2023. The "Tailwind" study is a Phase 2, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the safety, phage kinetics, and efficacy of inhaled AP-PA02 phage therapeutic in subjects with NCFB and chronic pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

On August 1, 2022, Armata announced that it had received from the FDA the approval to proceed for our IND application for AP-SA02, in a second indication, PJI. The Company plans to initiate a Phase 1b/2a trial in 2023, which will assess the safety and tolerability of intravenous and intra-articular AP-SA02 as an adjunct to standard of care antibiotics in adults undergoing debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention for the treatment of periprosthetic joint infections caused by S. aureus.

We are committed to conducting randomized controlled clinical trials required for FDA approval in order to move toward the commercialization of alternatives to traditional antibiotics and provide a potential method of treating patients suffering from drug-resistant and difficult-to-treat bacterial infections.

The following chart summarizes the status of our phage product candidate development programs and partners.



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We have generally incurred net losses since our inception and our operations to date have been primarily limited to research and development and raising capital. As of December 31, 2022, we had an accumulated deficit of $239.8 million. We anticipate that a substantial portion of our capital resources and efforts in the foreseeable future will be focused on completing the development and seeking to obtain regulatory approval of our product candidates.

We currently expect to use our existing cash and cash equivalents for the continued research and development of our product candidates and for working capital and other general corporate purposes. We expect to continue to incur significant and increasing operating losses at least for the next several years. We do not expect to generate product revenue unless and until we successfully complete development and obtain marketing approval for at least one of our product candidates.

We may also use a portion of our existing cash and cash equivalents for the potential acquisition of, or investment in, product candidates, technologies, formulations or companies that complement our business, although we have no current understandings, commitments or agreements to do so. Our existing cash and cash equivalents will not be sufficient to enable us to complete all necessary development of any potential product candidates. Accordingly, we will be required to obtain further funding through one or more other public or private equity offerings, debt financings, collaboration, strategic financing, grants or government contract awards, licensing arrangements or other sources. Our ability to raise additional capital may be adversely impacted by potential worsening global economic conditions and potential disruptions to, and volatility in, financial markets in the United States and worldwide. Adequate additional funding may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. If we are unable to raise capital when needed or on acceptable terms, we may be required to defer, reduce or eliminate significant planned expenditures, restructure, curtail or eliminate some or all of our development programs or other operations, dispose of assets, enter into arrangements that may require us to relinquish rights to certain of our product candidates, technologies or potential markets, file for



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bankruptcy or cease operations altogether. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and result in a loss of investment by our stockholders.

Impact of COVID-19

The healthcare challenge and other impacts surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic that emerged in late 2019 have presented significant business uncertainty and had a dramatic impact on businesses globally, including ours. As the COVID-19 pandemic reaches an endemic state, the extent to which it may affect our clinical trials, business operations, financial condition and results of operations remains dependent on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time. Although COVID-19 infection rates and severity have decreased recently, the occurrence, spread, severity and duration of any new outbreaks or resurgences, including the emergence and spread of new variants of COVID-19, actions taken to contain the resurgences or variants, and economic repercussions of the virus remain uncertain. We continue to evaluate the nature and extent to which COVID-19 may impact our business and operations.

Recent Events

2023 Credit Agreement

On January 10, 2023, we entered into, as borrower, a secured convertible credit and security agreement (the "Credit Agreement") with Innoviva Strategic Opportunities LLC ("Innoviva SO"), a wholly owned subsidiary of Innoviva, Inc. (Nasdaq: INVA) (collectively, "Innoviva"), a principal stockholder of us. The Credit Agreement provides for a secured term loan facility in an aggregate amount of $30 million (the "Loan") at an interest rate of 8.0% per annum, and has a maturity date of January 10, 2024. Repayment of the Loan is required to be guaranteed by our domestic subsidiaries and foreign material subsidiaries, and the Loan is secured by substantially all of our assets and the subsidiary guarantors.

The Credit Agreement provides that if a Qualified Financing, as defined in the Credit Agreement, occurs, the outstanding principal amount of, and all accrued and unpaid interest on, the Loan shall be converted into shares of our common stock, at a price per share equal to a 15.0% discount to the lowest price per share for our common stock paid by investors in a Qualified Financing (which price paid by investors in a Qualified Financing may not be less than a 15.0% discount to the closing price of our common stock immediately prior to the consummation of a Qualified Financing event). The Credit Agreement also requires us to file a registration statement (the "Registration Statement") for the resale of all securities issued to the lender in connection with any conversion under the Credit Agreement. After the Registration Statement has been declared effective by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, any outstanding Loan amount, including all accrued and unpaid interest thereon, may be converted at the lender's option, into shares of our common stock at a price per share equal to the greater of book value or market value per share of common stock on the date immediately preceding the effective date of the Credit Agreement, which is $1.52 (as may be appropriately adjusted for any stock split, combination or similar act).

PJI IND Approval

On August 1, 2022, we announced that the FDA has cleared Armata's IND application for AP-SA02, in a second indication, PJI. The Company plans to initiate a Phase 1b/2 trial in PJI in 2023.

NCFB IND Approval

On February 22, 2022, we announced that the FDA has cleared Armata's IND application to initiate a clinical trial of its optimized lead therapeutic candidate, AP-PA02, in a second indication, NCFB. We initiated a Phase 2 trial in NCFB in 2022 and announced first patient dosing in the first quarter of 2023.

February 2022 Private Placement

On February 9, 2022, we entered into a securities purchase agreement to sell our common stock and warrants to Innoviva SO, a wholly­owned subsidiary of Innoviva, Inc., a principal stockholder of us.



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Pursuant and subject to the terms and conditions of the securities purchase agreement and related agreements, Innoviva agreed to purchase 9,000,000 newly issued shares of our common stock, at a price of $5.00 per share, and warrants to purchase up to 4,500,000 additional shares of our common stock, with an exercise price of $5.00 per share. The stock purchases were completed in two tranches. On February 9, 2022, Innoviva purchased 3,614,792 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 1,807,396 shares of common stock for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $18.1 million. On March 31, 2022, upon our stockholders voting in favor of the transaction, Innoviva purchased approximately 5,385,208 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase approximately 2,692,604 shares of common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $26.9 million.

Executive Transition

On June 30, 2022, Steve R. Martin retired as our Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President (and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer). Mr. Martin has agreed to continue his employment with us as an advisor to his successor in the Principal Financial and Accounting Officer role from July 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022.

On March 25, 2022, the Board of Directors appointed Erin Butler to serve as (i) Vice President of Finance and Administration of the Company, effective April 1, 2022, and (ii) Principal Financial and Accounting Officer of the Company, effective July 1, 2022.

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