The following management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our historical consolidated financial statements and their notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our current views with respect to future events and financial performance. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements or as a result of certain factors such as those set forth in our Forward Looking Statements disclaimer on page ii of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. General During 2019, volatility in oil prices continued as WTI and Brent prices ranged from$45 to$75 per barrel throughout the year. While the Company expected generally improved market conditions to take hold during 2020, the outbreak and ensuing global pandemic related to COVID-19 silenced those expectations. A global decline in demand for oil resulting from COVID-19 economic closures combined with a temporary but significant increase in production bySaudi Arabia andRussia following the COVID-19 outbreak conspired to cause a collapse in oil prices duringApril 2020 that was unprecedented. While oil prices have recovered somewhat, there remains a significant overhang in supply and lingering weak demand on a global basis. The decrease in oil prices caused major, international and independent oil companies with deepwater operations to significantly reduce their offshore capital spending budgets for the worldwide exploration or production of oil and gas, prolonging the industry downturn that has prevailed since late 2014. Reduced spending by our customers combined with the already global oversupply of OSVs, including high-spec OSVs in our core markets, resulted in significant reductions in our dayrates and utilization. These factors ultimately resulted in the Company's determination to seek bankruptcy protection onMay 19, 2020 . The principal question facing the offshore oilfield industry is the remaining duration of the current downturn in offshore activities. The continuation of the COVID-19 pandemic is expected to continue to depress demand and the timing of a global economic recovery is unclear. In addition, there can be no assurance regarding the production levels of oil and gas byRussia ,Saudi Arabia , and other oil producing countries and, therefore, the price of oil. OnMay 19, 2020 , in accordance with the RSA, the Company initiated the Chapter 11 Cases with theBankruptcy Court . OnJune 19, 2020 , after a confirmation hearing, theBankruptcy Court entered a confirmation order approving the Plan. The Plan will become effective after the conditions to its effectiveness have been satisfied. The effect of the Plan is to de-lever the Company's balance sheet through a conversion into equity or warrants or both of 1) a portion of the$350 million in first-lien term loans that mature inJune 2023 ; 2)$121 million in second-lien term loans that mature inFebruary 2025 ; 3)$224 million outstanding under our 2020 senior notes indenture, and; 4)$450 million outstanding under our 2021 senior notes indenture. The holders of first-lien term loans will also receive their pro rata portion of the second-lien term loans issued as part of the Exit Financings. All pre-petition equity interests in the Company will be canceled, released, and extinguished on the effective date of the Plan, and will thereafter be of no further force or effect. See "Item 1 - Joint Prepackaged Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization" and Note 2 of our consolidated financial statements included herein for further discussion. In late 2019, we had observed leading indicators that signaled the potential for improved conditions - including larger offshore capital budget announcements by our customers, a growth in the number of final investment decisions, 28
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or FIDs, made public by our customers for offshore projects, recently announced deepwater discoveries, a growing contract backlog announced by several drilling contractors and increased customer inquiries for our services, principally in theGreater GoM Operating Region . Most of these plans have not proceeded in 2020. We expect some to be cancelled altogether while others are being postponed. The duration of postponement is expected to be determined by the ability to operate during the COVID-19 pandemic and oil price recovery. We have experienced multiple charter cancellations and non-renewals. During 2019, we did not observe any significant change in the anticipated supply of high-specU.S. -flagged OSVs. In theU.S. GoM, two high-spec OSVs were delivered into the domestic market during the year and we currently expect two additional high-spec OSV to be delivered into domestic service during the remainder of 2020. There were three high-spec, Jones-Act qualified OSVs under construction by industry participants onJune 30, 2020 and as of that date there were no options to build additional high-spec Jones-Act qualified OSVs. We do not anticipate significant growth in the supply of high-specU.S. -flagged OSVs beyond the currently anticipated level of 178 of such vessels by the end of 2020. We continue to monitor the overhang of the dormant supply of stackedU.S. -flagged high-spec OSVs. There are approximately 95 stacked domestic vessels and all of these vessels will require intermediate or special surveys in order to return to service. We believe that the cost to industry participants to reactivate high-spec OSVs, including survey costs, crewing costs, training costs and unanticipated events, will range between$2 million and$5 million per vessel, on average. During the first half of 2020, we have observed an additional 23 high-spec OSVs go into stack, including six of our own. During 2019, there was an average of 25.8 floating rigs working in theGreater GoM Operating Region . We believe that the number of active drilling units in theGreater GoM Operating Region will decline in 2020. As ofJune 30, 2020 , there were 26 rigs available and 20 were working. During the second half of 2020, we expect that the active floating rig count could drop to as low as 10 to 15. Unlike our OSVs, whose utilization is tied principally to drilling activities, demand for our MPSVs is also driven by other offshore activities. These vessels are used for a wide variety of oilfield applications that are not necessarily related to drilling. Because of the need to continuously inspect, repair and maintain offshore infrastructure, our MPSVs have, at times, partially counter-acted weakness in overall drilling activities. However, we have not yet seen a significant pick up in the expansion of offshore infrastructure, such as the installation of new floating and subsea infrastructure and field development that more meaningfully drive MPSV utilization. Project cancellations and delays have driven extremely weak utilization for our MPSVs during 2020. While peak activity normally occurrs in late spring through early fall, we see little evidence that MPSV utilization will improve seasonally during 2020. SinceOctober 1, 2014 , we stacked OSVs and MPSVs on various dates. As ofDecember 31, 2019 , we had 34 OSVs and two MPSVs stacked. As ofJune 30, 2020 , we had 44 OSVs and two MPSVs stacked and such stacked vessels represent 62% of our fleetwide vessel headcount, and 51% of our total OSV and MPSV deadweight tonnage. The Company reactivated one MPSV during the first quarter of 2020. We may consider stacking additional vessels or reactivating vessels as market conditions warrant. By stacking vessels, we have significantly reduced our on-going cash outlays and lowered our risk profile; however, we also have fewer revenue-producing units in service that can contribute to our results and produce cash flows to cover our fixed costs and commitments. While we may choose to stack additional vessels should market conditions warrant, our current expectation is to retain our active fleet in the market to accept contracts at the best available terms even if such contracts are below our breakeven cash cost of operations.Mexico andBrazil continue to comprise our two core international markets. In order to support customer requirements inMexico , and based on our long-term view thatMexico will continue to invest directly or allow foreign investment in its offshore energy sector, and increasingly in deepwater prospects, we elected to Mexican-flag five HOSMAX 300 class OSVs, three 280 class OSVs, two 240 class OSVs and one MPSV sinceJanuary 1, 2018 . At present, our Mexican-flagged fleet is comprised of ten high-spec OSVs, five low-spec OSVs and one MPSV, which is the second largest concentration of vessels we have committed to any single national market.Mexico has undergone significant transformation as a market for offshore energy over the last several years. IOCs appear to be proceeding with drilling plans inMexico , despite current industry conditions. While we have experienced some cancellations from drilling customers inMexico , most of our customers appear to be proceeding with their plans. A significant factor affecting the health of the Mexican offshore market is the weakening financial condition ofPemex . While we are not currently working forPemex directly, like many contractors, we work for customers who are working forPemex .Pemex recently announced a suspension of contracts and has disclosed a significant level of financial distress that is impacting its ability to pay offshore contractors, many of which are our customers. We are affected by slow- or non-payment by some of these customers and our unwillingness to work for customers that have significantPemex credit 29
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risk. Offshore activity driven byPemex is likely to decline overall, and we are likely to see less work inMexico due to this decline and are, thus, unlikely to work for customers that have extensivePemex exposure. InBrazil , we presently own and operate one Brazilian-flagged high-spec OSV. We have flexibility under Brazilian law to import and flag into Brazilian registry an additional vessel of similar DWT. In 2019, ourVanuatu -flagged MPSV worked as a flotel inBrazil on anIOC project that ended in the first quarter of 2020.Brazil is the single largest deepwater market in the world. Recent measures to expand the role of IOCs in its "pre-salt" prospects are taking hold and we believe Brazilian activity in the offshore energy space will be a significant contributor to the overall recovery in global offshore E&P activities. Our Vessels All of our current vessels are qualified under the Jones Act to engage inU.S. coastwise trade, except for 19 foreign-flagged new generation OSVs and two foreign-flagged MPSVs. As ofDecember 31, 2019 , our 32 active new generation OSVs, six MPSVs and four managed OSVs were operating in domestic and international areas as noted in the following table: Operating Areas Domestic GoM 24 OtherU.S. coastlines(1) 5 29 ForeignBrazil 2Mexico 9Caribbean 2 13 Total Active Vessels(2) 42
(1) Comprised of one owned vessel and four managed vessels that are currently
supporting the
(2) Excluded from this table are 34 OSVs and two MPSVs that were stacked as of
During the first quarter of 2018, the Company notifiedGulf Island , the shipyard that was constructing the remaining two vessels in the Company's fifth OSV newbuild program, that it was terminating the construction contracts for such vessels based on the shipyard's statements that it would be more than one year late in the delivery of the vessels, among other reasons. OnOctober 2, 2018 ,Gulf Island filed suit against the Company in the22nd Judicial District Court for theParish of St. Tammany in theState of Louisiana .Gulf Island claims that it has the right to complete the vessels or, alternatively, the Company owesGulf Island compensation for unpaid work. The Company disputes these claims and has asserted counter-claims againstGulf Island seeking to recover liquidated and other damages. The Company has also sued for conversion, claiming thatGulf Island has wrongfully detained the vessels in its possession, which has delayed the Company's ability to contract for their completion at a replacement shipyard. OnNovember 5, 2019 , the district court denied a preliminary motion for summary judgment to require theGulf Island to release its possession of the vessels. The Company has also sued the sureties that issued the performance bonds in respect of the shipbuilding contracts. The Company claims that the sureties wrongfully denied the Company's claims under the bonds and have refused to perform their obligations under the bonds. The Company has also claimed that the sureties' conduct has been in bad faith. As of the date of termination of the construction contracts, these two remaining vessels, both of which are domestic 400 class MPSVs, were projected to be delivered in the second and third quarters of 2019, respectively. These projected delivery dates were subsequently amended, for guidance purposes, to be the second and third quarters of 2020; and then later extended to be the second and third quarters of 2021. Due to the continued uncertainty of the timing and location of future construction activities, the Company is now updating its forward guidance for the delivery dates related to these vessels to be the second and third quarters of 2022, respectively. However, the timing of the remaining construction draws remains subject to change commensurate with any potential further delays in the delivery dates of such vessels. The cost of this nearly completed 24-vessel newbuild program, before construction period interest, is expected to be approximately$1,335.0 million , of which$22.9 million and$34.6 million are currently expected to be incurred in 2021 and 2022, respectively. The foregoing amounts do not reflect any potential additional payments to the shipyard in respect of the aforementioned claim. From the inception of this program throughDecember 31, 2019 , the Company had incurred$1,277.5 million , or 95.7%, of total expected project costs. 30
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Operating Costs Our operating costs are primarily a function of fleet size, areas of operations and utilization levels. The most significant direct operating costs are wages paid to vessel crews, maintenance and repairs, and marine insurance. Because most of these expenses are incurred regardless of vessel utilization, our direct operating costs as a percentage of revenues may fluctuate considerably with changes in dayrates and utilization. As ofDecember 31, 2019 , we had 36 stacked vessels. By removing these vessels from our active operating fleet, we have been able to significantly reduce our operating costs, including crew costs. If market conditions worsen, we may elect to stack additional vessels. Our fixed operating costs are now spread over 38 owned and operated vessels and four vessels managed for theU.S. Navy . In certain foreign markets in which we operate, we are susceptible to higher operating costs, such as materials and supplies, crew wages, maintenance and repairs, taxes, importation duties, and insurance costs. Difficulties and costs of staffing international operations, including vessel crews, and language and cultural differences generally contribute to a higher cost structure in foreign locations compared to our domestic operations. We may not be able to recover higher international operating costs through higher dayrates charged to our customers. Therefore, when we increase our international complement of vessels, our gross margins may fluctuate depending on the foreign areas of operation and the complement of vessels operating domestically. In addition to the operating costs described above, we incur fixed charges related to the depreciation of our fleet and amortization of costs for routine drydock inspections to ensure compliance with applicable regulations and to maintain certifications for our vessels with the USCG and various classification societies. The aggregate number of drydockings and other repairs undertaken in a given period determines the level of maintenance and repair expenses and marine inspection amortization charges. We capitalize costs incurred for drydock inspection and regulatory compliance and amortize such costs over the period between such drydockings, typically between 24 and 36 months. Applicable maritime regulations require us to drydock our vessels twice in a five-year period for inspection and routine maintenance and repair. If we undertake a disproportionately large number of drydockings in a particular year, comparability of results may be affected. While we can defer required drydockings of stacked vessels, we will be required to conduct such deferred drydockings prior to such vessels returning to service, which could delay their return to active service. Critical Accounting Estimates Our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted inthe United States . In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by GAAP. In other circumstances, we are required to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that we believe are reasonable based upon available information. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and various other factors that we believe are reasonable based upon the information available. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions. We believe that of our significant accounting policies discussed in Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements, the following may involve estimates that are inherently more subjective. Carrying Value of Vessels. We depreciate our OSVs and MPSVs over estimated useful lives of 25 years each. Salvage value for our new generation marine equipment is estimated to be 25% of the originally recorded cost for these asset types. In assigning depreciable lives to these assets, we have considered the effects of both physical deterioration largely caused by wear and tear due to operating use and other economic and regulatory factors that could impact commercial viability. To date, our experience confirms that these policies are reasonable, although there may be events or changes in circumstances in the future that indicate that recovery of the carrying amount of our vessels might not be possible. We presently review the carrying values of our vessels for impairment using the following asset groups: OSVs and MPSVs. We believe that these two vessel groups are appropriate because our vessels are highly mobile among disparate geographies and are directed centrally from our headquarters. Our OSVs share multiple forms of direct and indirect common costs and are marketed on a portfolio basis as an integrated (multi-vessel) marine solution to our customers primarily supporting drilling and exploration activities in various deepwater and ultra-deepwater markets worldwide to our customers. We manage, market, operate and maintain our vessels in a unified manner because we are performing the same services to the same client group across the same geographic regions - i.e., primarily the transportation of the same fungible types of cargo. We believe that our unified approach to operating the vessels within each group is among the most important factors and strategic advantages that drive our customers to utilize our vessels, irrespective of the type or size of vessel that the customer requires on a given engagement. Therefore, 31
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management has concluded that the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities is at the OSV and MPSV groupings. When analyzing asset groups for impairment, we consider both historical and projected operating cash flows, operating income, and EBITDA based on current operating environment and future conditions that we can reasonably anticipate, such as inflation or prospective wage costs. These projections are based on, but not limited to, job location, current and historical market dayrates included in recent sales proposals, utilization and contract coverage; along with anticipated market drivers, such as drilling rig movements, results of offshore lease sales and discussions with our customers regarding their ongoing drilling plans. If events or changes in circumstances as set forth above were to indicate that the asset group's carrying amount may not be recoverable over the vessels' useful lives for such groups, we would then be required to estimate the future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset group and its eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows was determined to be less than the carrying amount of the vessels, we would be required to reduce the carrying amount to fair value. Examples of events or changes in circumstances that could indicate that the recoverability of the carrying amount of our asset groups should be assessed might include a significant change in regulations such as OPA 90, a significant decrease in the market value of the asset group and current period operating or cash flow losses combined with a history of operating or cash flow losses or a projection or forecast that demonstrates continuing losses associated with the asset group. During the second quarter of 2016, we identified indicators of impairment relating to our vessels as a result of operating losses occurring for the first time in our history due to the rapid decline in market conditions. In accordance with GAAP, we calculated the undiscounted cash flows using a probability weighted forecast for each of our asset groups over their respective remaining useful lives. Included in the cash flow projections were assumptions related to the current mix of active and stacked vessels, the estimated timing of stacked vessels returning to active status along with projected dayrates, operating expenses and overhead expenses related to each of the groupings. We view vessel stackings as a temporary status and a prudent business strategy. Stacking vessels does not imply that we have ceased marketing such vessels or intend to never reactivate such vessels when market conditions improve. In fact, we have unstacked vessels in recent quarters and will continue to do so as warranted. The total of the undiscounted cash flows was greater than the net book values of our asset groups and, therefore, we concluded that we did not have an impairment of our long-lived assets as ofJune 30, 2016 , and in such analysis, noted a significant cushion for each of our asset groups as a result of the long remaining useful lives of our vessels. While we have not observed any new impairment indicators since the second quarter of 2016, each quarterly period, we assess whether there are any new indicators present and whether there have been any events or developments that would indicate that our most recent undiscounted cash flow analysis warrants being updated to reflect a change in inputs or assumptions. During 2019, we reviewed and updated, as necessary, the assumptions used in determining our undiscounted cash flow projections for each asset group to reflect current and projected market conditions, and also prepared and updated our sensitivity analysis relating to such assumptions. After reviewing the result of our most recent undiscounted cash flow projections, which were prepared in mid-2019, we have determined that each of our asset groups continues to have sufficient projected undiscounted cash flows to recover the remaining book value of our long-lived assets within such group. In the development of the undiscounted cash flows, in addition to the previously discussed considerations above and in light of current market conditions, we estimate the length of time it will take for the market to absorb our stacked vessels such that we can return those vessels to active status. Any significant revisions to this estimate would have the greatest impact in the development of the undiscounted cash flows. However, as part of our most recent analysis, we determined that if we extended the downturn (and, thus, the unstacking of vessels) by two years from the most recent estimate, this would reduce our undiscounted cash flows by less than 15%, still providing us with substantial excess undiscounted cash flow coverage of the assets' net book values given the length of remaining useful lives for the assets. Further, we also perform a look-back analysis each quarter to compare our actual performance to that of our most recently prepared undiscounted cash flow analysis. In each case sinceJune 2016 , we have noted that our actual quarterly performance has outperformed the applicable estimated undiscounted cash flow calculations used in completing the latest impairment analysis for such comparable period. See Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements included herein for further discussion. We will continue to closely monitor market conditions and potential impairment indicators as long as this market downturn persists. Recertification Costs. Our vessels are required by regulation to be recertified after certain periods of time. These recertification costs are incurred while the vessel is in drydock where other routine repairs and maintenance are performed and, at times, major replacements and improvements are performed. We expense routine repairs and 32
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maintenance as they are incurred. Recertification costs can be accounted for under GAAP in one of two ways: (1) defer and amortize or (2) expense as incurred. We defer and amortize recertification costs over the length of time that the recertification is expected to last, which is generally 30 months on average. Major replacements and improvements, which extend the vessel's economic useful life or increase its functional operating capability, are capitalized and depreciated over the vessel's remaining economic useful life. Inherent in this process are judgments we make regarding whether the specific cost incurred is capitalizable and the period that the incurred cost will benefit. Revenue Recognition. The services that are provided by the Company represent a single performance obligation under its contracts that are satisfied at a point in time or over time. Revenues are earned primarily by (1) chartering the Company's vessels, including the operation of such vessels, (2) providing vessel management services to third party vessel owners, and (3) providing shore-based port facility services, including rental of land. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. Our customers are primarily national oil companies, major and independent, domestic and international, oil and gas and oilfield service companies. Our customers are granted credit on a short-term basis and related credit risks are considered minimal. We usually do not require collateral. We provide an estimate for uncollectible accounts based primarily on management's judgment. Management uses the relative age of receivable balances, historical losses, current economic conditions and individual evaluations of each customer to make adjustments to the allowance for doubtful accounts. Our historical losses have not been significant. However, because amounts due from individual customers can be significant, future adjustments to the allowance can be material if one or more individual customer's balances are deemed uncollectible. Income Taxes. We follow accounting standards for income taxes that require the use of the liability method of computing deferred income taxes. Under this method, deferred income taxes are provided for the temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of our assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The assessment of the realization of deferred tax assets, particularly those related to tax net operating loss, or NOL, carryforwards and foreign tax credit, orFTC , carryforwards, is based on the weight of all available evidence, both positive and negative, including future reversals of deferred tax liabilities. Due to a cumulative three-year book loss, ASC 740 precludes us from using projected operating results in determining the realization of deferred tax assets. We are using the existing taxable temporary differences that will reverse and create taxable income in the future to determine the realizability of these NOL andFTC carryforwards. We have valuation allowances of$33.3 million and$52.9 million as ofDecember 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Such valuation allowances were established because we determined that it was more likely than not such NOL andFTC carryforwards may not be fully utilized prior to their expiration. In addition, each reporting period, we assess and adjust for any significant changes to our liability for unrecognized income tax benefits. We account for any interest and penalties relating to uncertain tax positions in general and administrative expenses. Legal Contingencies. We are involved in a variety of claims, lawsuits, investigations and proceedings, as described in Notes 7 and 14 to our consolidated financial statements. We determine whether an estimated loss from a contingency should be accrued by assessing whether a loss is deemed probable and can be reasonably estimated. We assess our potential liability by analyzing our litigation and regulatory matters using available information. We develop our views on estimated losses in consultation with outside counsel handling our defense in these matters, which involves an analysis of potential results, assuming a combination of litigation and settlement strategies. Should developments in any of these matters cause a change in our determination such that we expect an unfavorable outcome and result in the need to recognize a material accrual, or should any of these matters result in a final adverse judgment or be settled for a significant amount, they could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations in the period or periods in which such change in determination, judgment or settlement occurs. 33
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Results of Operations The tables below set forth the average dayrates, utilization rates and effective dayrates for our owned new generation OSVs and the average number and size of such vessels owned during the periods indicated. These vessels generate a substantial portion of our revenues. Excluded from the OSV information below is the results of operations for our MPSVs, our shore-base facility, and vessel management services, including the four non-owned vessels managed for theU.S. Navy . The Company does not provide average or effective dayrates for its MPSVs. MPSV dayrates are impacted by highly variable customer-required cost-of-sales associated with ancillary equipment and services, such as ROVs, accommodation units and cranes, which are typically recovered through higher dayrates charged to the customer. Due to the fact that each of our MPSVs have a workload capacity and significantly higher income generating potential than each of the Company's new generation OSVs, the utilization and dayrate levels of our MPSVs could have a very large impact on our results of operations. For this reason, our consolidated operating results, on a period-to-period basis, are disproportionately impacted by the level of dayrates and utilization achieved by our six active MPSVs. Years EndedDecember 31, 2019 2018 Offshore Supply Vessels: Average number of new generation OSVs(1) 66.0
64.5
Average number of active new generation OSVs(2) 30.7
23.9
Average new generation OSV fleet capacity (DWT) 238,895 231,715 Average new generation OSV capacity (DWT)
3,620
3,593
Average new generation OSV utilization rate(3) 28.3 % 26.3 % Effective new generation OSV utilization rate(4) 61.0 % 70.9 % Average new generation OSV dayrate(5)$ 18,679 $ 19,150 Effective dayrate(6)$ 5,286 $ 5,036
(1) We owned 66 new generation OSVs as of
data are eight MPSVs owned and operated by the Company as well as four
non-owned vessels managed for the
(2) In response to weak market conditions, we elected to stack certain of our
new generation OSVs on various dates since
generation OSVs represent vessels that are immediately available for service
during each respective period. (3) Utilization rates are average rates based on a 365-day year. Vessels are considered utilized when they are generating revenues. (4) Effective utilization rate is based on a denominator comprised only of vessel-days available for service by the active fleet, which excludes the impact of stacked vessel days.
(5) Average new generation OSV dayrates represent average revenue per day, which
includes charter hire, crewing services and net brokerage revenues, based on
the number of days during the period that the OSVs generated revenues.
(6) Effective dayrate represents the average dayrate multiplied by the average
new generations utilization rate. 34
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YEAR ENDEDDECEMBER 31, 2019 COMPARED TO YEAR ENDEDDECEMBER 31, 2018 Summarized financial information for the years endedDecember 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, is shown below in the following table (in thousands, except percentage changes): Year Ended December 31, Increase (Decrease) 2019 2018 $ Change % Change Revenues: Vessel revenues Domestic$ 108,166 $ 136,574 $ (28,408 ) (20.8 ) % Foreign 80,153 39,193 40,960 >100 % 188,319 175,767 12,552 7.1 % Non-vessel revenues 37,343 36,637 706 1.9 % 225,662 212,404 13,258 6.2 % Operating expenses 164,630 147,642 16,988 11.5 % Depreciation and amortization 114,313 108,668 5,645 5.2 % General and administrative expenses 53,880 43,530 10,350 23.8 % 332,823 299,840 32,983 11.0 % Gain on sale of assets 62 59 3 5.1 % Operating loss (107,099 ) (87,377 ) (19,722 ) 22.6 % Loss on early extinguishment of debt, net (71 ) - (71 ) (100.0 ) % Interest expense 83,380 63,566 19,814 31.2 % Interest income 4,488 2,228 2,260 >100 % Other income (expense), net 10,255 (29 ) 10,284 >(100.0) % Income tax benefit (36,993 ) (29,621 ) (7,372 ) 24.9 % Net loss$ (138,814 ) $ (119,123 ) $ (19,691 ) 16.5 % Revenues. Revenues for 2019 increased by$13.3 million , or 6.2%, to$225.7 million compared to$212.4 million for 2018. Our weighted-average active operating fleet for 2019 was approximately 36.6 vessels compared to 31.1 vessels for 2018. Vessel revenues increased$12.6 million , or 7.1%, to$188.3 million for 2019 compared to$175.8 million for 2018. The increase in vessel revenues primarily resulted from the full-year contribution of four acquired OSVs added to our operating fleet during the second quarter of 2018 and the unstacking of one MPSV in early 2019. Revenues earned from our MPSV fleet increased$3.5 million , or 6.1%, for 2019 compared to 2018. For 2019, we had an average of 37.4 vessels stacked compared to an average of 41.4 vessels stacked in the prior year. Average new generation OSV dayrates were$18,679 for 2019 compared to$19,150 for 2018, a decrease of$471 , or 2.5%. Our new generation OSV utilization was 28.3% for 2019 compared to 26.3% for 2018. Our new generation fleet of OSVs incurred 590 days of aggregate downtime for regulatory drydockings and certain vessels were stacked for an aggregate of 12,897 days during 2019. Excluding stacked vessel days, our new generation OSV effective utilization was 61.0% and 70.9% during 2019 and 2018, respectively. Domestic vessel revenues decreased$28.4 million during 2019 compared to 2018 primarily due to lower revenue earned by our MPSVs operating domestically during 2019. Foreign vessel revenues increased$41.0 million . The increase in foreign revenues is attributable to an average of 2.3 additional OSVs and an average of 1.2 additional MPSVs working in foreign locations during 2019. Foreign vessel revenues comprised 42.6% of our total vessel revenues for 2019 compared to 22.3% for 2018. Non-vessel revenues increased$0.7 million , or 1.9%, to$37.3 million for 2019 compared to$36.6 million for 2018. The increase in non-vessel revenues is primarily attributable to higher revenues earned from vessel management services during 2019 compared to the year-ago period. Operating expenses. Operating expenses were$164.6 million , an increase of$17.0 million , or 11.5%, for 2019 compared to$147.6 million for 2018. Operating expenses were primarily higher due to an increased number of active vessels in our fleet along with a full-year contribution by four vessels added to our active fleet inMay 2018 compared to the year-ago period. This unfavorable variance was partially offset by$3.2 million related to the settlement of the VT Halter arbitration. 35
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Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense of$114.3 million was$5.6 million , or 5.2%, higher for 2019 compared to 2018. Amortization expense increased$6.2 million , which was driven higher mainly by recertifications for certain of our stacked OSVs that were reactivated, costs associated with the initial special surveys for vessels that were placed in service under the Company's fifth OSV newbuild program, costs associated with the drydocking of two vessels that were acquired in 2018 and the amortization of an intangible asset that was included with the acquisition of four OSVs during 2018. Depreciation expense is expected to increase from current levels when the two remaining vessels under our current newbuild program are placed in service. We expect amortization expense to increase temporarily whenever market conditions warrant reactivation of currently stacked vessels, which will then require us to drydock such vessels, and thereafter to revert back to historical levels. General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses of$53.9 million were$10.4 million higher during 2019 compared to 2018. The increase in G&A expense was primarily attributable to higher short-term incentive compensation expense and higher bad debt reserves. Operating Loss. Operating loss increased by$19.7 million to an operating loss of$107.1 million during 2019 compared to 2018 for the reasons discussed above. Operating loss as a percentage of revenues was 47.5% for 2019 compared to an operating loss margin of 41.1% for 2018. Loss on Early Extinguishment of Debt, Net. During 2019, we exchanged$142.6 million in face value of 2020 senior notes for$121.2 million of second-lien term loans and we exchanged$21.0 million in face value of our 2019 convertible senior notes for$19.9 million of first-lien term loans. In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, these debt-for-debt exchanges were accounted for as debt modifications, requiring the Company to defer the gains on such exchanges and record a loss on early extinguishment of debt of$3.7 million related to deal costs for the exchanges. During 2019, we arranged for the repurchase of$52.9 million of our outstanding 2019 convertible senior notes for an aggregate total of$47.6 million of cash. We recorded a net gain on early extinguishment of debt of$3.6 million ($2.9 million or$0.08 per diluted share after-tax) related to these repurchases. Interest Expense. Interest expense of$83.4 million increased$19.8 million during 2019 compared to 2018 primarily due to incremental interest expense associated with the issuance of additional first-lien and the second-lien term loans, as well as the senior credit facility since 2018. During 2019, we did not capitalize any construction period interest compared to capitalizing$2.3 million , or roughly 3.5%, of our total interest costs for 2018. Interest Income. Interest income was$4.5 million for 2019, which was$2.3 million higher than 2018. Our average cash balance increased to$239.7 million for 2019 compared to$147.8 million for 2018. The average interest rate earned on our invested cash balances was approximately 1.9% and 1.5% during 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase in average cash balance was primarily due to cash inflows associated with the$50 million expansion of the first-lien term loans, as well as the issuance of the senior credit facility, sinceDecember 31, 2018 . These inflows were partially offset by the repurchase of our 2019 convertible senior notes for cash during 2019. Other Income (Expense), Net. Other Income was$10.3 million for 2019, which was due primarily to damages awarded in the VT Halter arbitration matter. During the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company recognized$10.5 million of the total award as Other Income upon receipt of payment from VT Halter. Income Tax Benefit. Our effective tax benefit rate was 21.0% and 19.9% for 2019 and 2018, respectively. Our income tax benefit for 2019 was higher than the benefit rate for 2018 due to a reduction of net operating loss carryforward valuation allowances due to state tax law changes enacted during the second quarter of 2019. Our income tax benefit primarily consists of deferred taxes. Our income tax rate differs from the federal statutory rate primarily due to expected state tax liabilities and items not deductible for federal income tax purposes. Net Loss. Operating performance decreased year-over-year by$19.7 million for a reported net loss of$138.8 million for 2019 compared to a net loss of$119.1 million for 2018. This unfavorable variance in net loss was primarily driven by increased operating expenses for our vessels and interest expense, partially offset by increased revenue earned by such vessels and other income recognized from the VT Halter settlement during 2019. Liquidity and Capital Resources Despite volatility in commodity prices, we remain confident in the long-term viability of our business model upon improvement in market conditions. Since the fall of 2014, our liquidity has been indirectly impacted by low oil and natural gas prices, which together with oil and natural gas being produced in greater volumes onshore, has unfavorably impacted the extent of offshore exploration and development activities, resulting in lower than normal cash flow from operations. The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to continue to depress demand and the timing of a global economic 36
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recovery is unclear. In addition, oil prices have been negatively impacted by the recent oil price war initiated byRussia andSaudi Arabia . As ofDecember 31, 2019 , we had total cash and cash equivalents of$121.5 million and restricted cash of$52.1 million . As ofJune 30, 2020 , we had total cash and cash equivalents of$89.6 million and restricted cash of$0.2 million . Our capital requirements have historically been financed with cash flows from operations, proceeds from issuances of our debt and common equity securities, borrowings under our revolving and term loan agreements and cash received from the sale of assets. We require capital to fund on-going operations, remaining obligations under our expanded fifth OSV newbuild program, vessel recertifications, discretionary capital expenditures and debt service and may require capital to fund potential future vessel construction, retrofit or conversion projects, acquisitions, stock repurchases or the retirement of debt. In 2020, we experienced multiple events of defaults under the existing 2020 Senior Notes and 2021 Senior Notes, which included non-payment of principal and interest on the 2020 Senior Notes, nonpayment of interest on the 2021 Senior Notes and related cross-defaults. Cross-defaults were also triggered under our existing senior credit agreement, first lien term loan agreement and second lien term loan agreement. We, together with the administrative agents and certain of its lenders under its existing senior credit agreement, first lien term loan agreement and second lien term loan agreement, and certain holders of the Company's 2020 Senior Notes and 2021 Senior Notes entered into separate forbearance agreements, which were subsequently extended toMay 19, 2020 pursuant to which such lenders and noteholders agreed to forbear from exercising certain of their rights and remedies with respect to certain defaults by us. Despite our extensive efforts to negotiate and launch an out-of-court debt-for-debt exchange transaction to address our outstanding 2020 Senior Notes and 2021 Senior Notes and such events of default, after the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic and the oil price war inMarch 2020 , it became evident that an in-court process would be necessary to maximize value for us and our stakeholders while positioning us for long-term success. As a result of the commencement of the Chapter 11 Cases onMay 19, 2020 , we are operating as a debtor-in-possession pursuant to the authority granted under the Bankruptcy Code. OnJune 19, 2020 , after a confirmation hearing, theBankruptcy Court entered a confirmation order approving the Plan. As a debtor-in-possession, certain of our activities are subject to review and approval by theBankruptcy Court . For additional information, see "Item 1 - Business - Recent Developments - Joint Prepackaged Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization". In connection with the filing of the Plan, onMay 22, 2020 , we entered into the DIP Credit Agreement, pursuant to which, certain lenders thereunder agreed to provide us with loans in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed$75 million that, among other things, was used to repay in full the$50 million in loans outstanding under our senior credit agreement, and to finance our ongoing general corporate needs during the course of the Chapter 11 Cases. The maturity date of the DIP Credit Agreement is six months following the effective date of the DIP Credit Agreement. The DIP Credit Agreement contains customary events of default, including events related to the Chapter 11 Cases, the occurrence of which could result in the acceleration of our obligation to repay the outstanding indebtedness under the DIP Credit Agreement. Our obligations under the DIP Credit Agreement are secured by a first priority security interest in, and lien on, substantially all of our present and after acquired property (whether tangible, intangible, real, personal or mixed) and has been guaranteed by our material subsidiaries. The Company has received subscriptions pursuant to the Rights Offering with respect to shares of the Company's new common stock, including under the Backstop Commitment Agreement. It is contemplated that the Rights Offering of$100 million will be closed on the effective date of the Plan. The Plan also provides for the Company to enter into the Exit Financings upon emergence from the Chapter 11 Cases consisting of a first-lien senior secured term loan credit facility and a second-lien senior secured term loan credit facility, each in an aggregate principal amount to be determined. Cash Flows Operating Activities. We rely primarily on cash flows from operations to provide working capital for current and future operations. Net cash used in operating activities was$(88.0) million in 2019 and$(42.4) million in 2018. Operating cash flows in 2019 and 2018 continue to be unfavorably affected by weak market conditions for our vessels operating worldwide. 37
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Investing Activities. Net cash used in investing activities was$7.6 million in 2019 and$52.5 million in 2018. Cash used in 2019 consisted primarily of capital improvements to our operating fleet, as well as construction costs paid for our fifth OSV newbuild program. Cash used in 2018 consisted primarily of the purchase of four high-spec Jones Act-qualified OSVs and related equipment fromAries Marine Corporation . Financing Activities. Net cash provided by financing activities was$44.3 million in 2019 and$133.8 million in 2018. Net cash provided by financing activities in 2019 resulted from the senior credit facility and the incremental first-lien term loans, partially offset by the repurchase of the remainder of the 2019 convertible senior notes on their due date. Net cash provided by financing activities in 2018 resulted from net proceeds from the first-lien term loans. Commitments and Contractual Obligations The following table and notes set forth our aggregate contractual obligations as ofDecember 31, 2019 (in thousands). Less than Contractual Obligations Total 1 Year 1-3 Years 3-5 Years Thereafter Vessel construction commitments(1)$ 57,521 $ 22,900 $ 34,621 $ - $ - 5.000% senior notes due 2021(2)(3)(4) 450,000 - 450,000 - - 5.875% senior notes due 2020(4)(5) 224,313 224,313 - - - First-lien term loans(4)(6) 350,000 - - 350,000 - Second-lien term loans(4)(7) 121,235 - - - 121,235 Senior credit facility(4)(8) 100,000 - 50,000 - 50,000 Interest payments(9) 232,527 78,115 107,615 43,945 2,852 Total$ 1,535,596 $ 325,328 $ 642,236 $ 393,945 $ 174,087
(1) Vessel construction commitments reflect our current projection of cash
outlays for our fifth OSV newbuild program. The total project costs for the
currently contracted 24-vessel program are expected to be
excluding capitalized construction period interest. From the inception of
this program through
or 95.7%, of total expected project costs.
(2) Our 2021 Senior Notes, with a fixed interest rate of 5.000% per year, mature
on
(3) The Company did not make an interest payment on the 2021 Senior Notes in the
amount of$11,250 , which was due onMarch 2, 2020 . (4) See "Item 1 - Joint Prepackaged Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization" for
discussion of various defaults and cross-defaults under our credit documents
and the proposed impact of the Chapter 11 Cases on the Company's commitments
and contractual obligations.
(5) Our 2020 Senior Notes, with a fixed interest rate of 5.875% per year, mature
on
(6) As of
includes
financing costs and
(7) Our second-lien term loans with a fixed interest rate of 9.500% per year,
mature on
(8) On
secured asset-based revolving credit facility, or the senior credit
facility. The senior credit facility is comprised of two tranches that will
rebalance each month based on a variable receivables-backed borrowing base.
The unrestricted receivables-backed tranche will mature in 2022, and the restricted cash-backed tranche will mature in 2025. The senior credit facility currently includes$5,571 of deferred financing costs.
(9) Interest payments relate to our 2021 Senior Notes, our 2020 Senior Notes,
and our second-lien term loans with semi-annual interest payments of
payable
quarterly interest payments of
31st, and
first-lien term loans is variable based on our election and the interest
payments reflected in this table are based on the outstanding amount as of
elected and in effect on such date plus an applicable margin, which is
currently 7.00%. The interest rate on the senior credit facility is variable
based on the 30-day LIBOR interest rate plus a fixed margin of 5.00%, and
the interest payments reflected in this table are based on the outstanding
amount as of
from the table above. The Company did not make an interest payment on the
2021 Senior Notes in the amount of
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Debt
As of
Effective Cash Interest
Total Debt(4) Interest Rate Payments Payment Dates 5.875% senior notes due 2020, net of April 1 and
deferred financing costs of
$ 6,589 October 1 5.000% senior notes due 2021, net of March 1 and deferred financing costs of$1,203 (1) 448,797 5.21 % 11,250 September 1 First-lien term loans due 2023, plus 356,700 9.16 % 2,652 Variable deferred gain of$13,040 , net of original Monthly issue discount of$3,084 and deferred financing costs of$3,256 (2) Second-lien term loans due 2025, including 139,913 9.50 % 2,879 January 31, deferred gain of$18,678 April 30, July 31, and October 31 Senior credit facility, net of deferred Variable financing costs of$5,571 (3) 94,429 7.32 % 578 Monthly$ 1,263,890
(1) The senior notes do not require any payments of principal prior to their
stated maturity dates, but pursuant to the indentures under which the 2020
and 2021 Senior Notes were issued, we would be required to make offers to
purchase such senior notes upon the occurrence of specified events, such as
certain asset sales or a change in control.
(2) The interest rate on the first-lien term loans is variable based on the
Company's election. The amount reflected in this table is the monthly amount
payable based on the 30-day LIBOR interest rate that was elected and in
effect on
7.00%. Please see Note 9 for further discussion of the variable interest
rate applicable to the first-lien term loans. (3) The interest rate on the senior credit facility is variable based on the
30-day LIBOR interest rate plus a 5.00% margin. The amount reflected in this
table is the monthly amount payable based on the 30-day LIBOR interest rate
that was in effect on
discussion of the variable interest rate applicable to the senior credit
facility.
(4) See "Item 1 - Joint Prepackaged Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization" regarding
the proposed impact of the Chapter 11 Cases on the Company's long-term debt
including current maturities.
The credit agreements governing our senior credit facility, our first-lien term loans and second-lien term loans and the indentures governing our 2020 and 2021 Senior Notes impose certain operating and financial restrictions on us. Such restrictions affect, and in many cases limit or prohibit, among other things, our ability to incur additional indebtedness, make capital expenditures, redeem equity, create liens, sell assets and pay dividends or make other restricted payments. During 2019, we were in compliance with all applicable financial covenants.
Capital Expenditures and Related Commitments
During the first quarter of 2018, the Company notified the shipyard that was constructing the remaining two vessels in the Company's fifth OSV newbuild program that it was terminating the construction contracts for such vessels. See additional discussion in Note 7 of our consolidated financial statements included herein for further discussion and in Legal Proceedings. The cost of this nearly completed 24-vessel newbuild program, before construction period interest, is expected to be approximately$1,335.0 million , of which$22.9 million and$34.6 million are currently expected to be incurred in 2021 and 2022, respectively. As of the date of termination, these two remaining vessels, both of which are domestic 400 class MPSVs, were projected to be delivered in the second and third quarters of 2019, respectively. These projected delivery dates were subsequently amended, for guidance purposes, to be the second and third quarters of 2020; and then later extended to be the second and third quarters of 2021. Due to the continued uncertainty of the timing and location of future construction activities, the Company has now updated its forward guidance for the delivery dates related to these vessels to be the second and third quarters of 2022, respectively. The Company has not revised its estimate of the cost to complete the vessels to reflect the disputed claims asserted by the shipyard. In addition, the Company has not included any potential costs to complete the vessels in excess of the original contract price that may not be covered by surety bonds due to the sureties' denial of claims or for any other reasons. The timing of remaining construction draws remains subject to change commensurate with any potential further delays in the delivery dates of such vessels. From the inception of this program throughDecember 31, 2019 , the Company had incurred construction costs of approximately$1,277.5 million , or 95.7%, of total expected project costs. During 2019, the Company incurred$3.3 million related to the construction of these vessels. 39
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The following table summarizes the costs incurred, prior to the allocation of construction period interest, for the purposes set forth below for the years endedDecember 31, 2019 and 2018, and a forecast for the year endingDecember 31, 2020 (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 Actual Actual Maintenance and Other Capital Expenditures: Maintenance Capital Expenditures Deferred drydocking charges$ 33.1 $ 10.9 Other vessel capital improvements(1) 1.1
6.4
34.2
17.3
Other Capital Expenditures Commercial-related vessel improvements(2) 2.8
5.5
Miscellaneous non-vessel additions(3) 0.4 0.1 3.2 5.6 Total:$ 37.4 $ 22.9
(1) Other vessel capital improvements include costs for discretionary vessel
enhancements, which are typically incurred during a planned drydocking event
to meet customer specifications.
(2) Commercial-related vessel improvements include items, such as cranes, ROVs,
helidecks, living quarters, and other specialized vessel equipment, which
costs are typically included in and offset, in whole or in part, by higher
dayrates charged to customers. (3) Non-vessel capital expenditures are primarily related to information technology and shoreside support initiatives.
Inflation
To date, general inflationary trends have not had a material effect on our operating revenues or expenses. Item 7A-Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Not required. Item 8-Financial Statements and Supplementary Data The financial statements and supplementary information required by this Item appear on pages F-1 through F-39 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Item 9-Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosures None. Item 9A-Controls and Procedures Disclosure Controls and Procedures Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in theSecurities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. 40
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Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13(a)-15(f) or Rule15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Internal control over financial reporting is a process to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting for external purposes in accordance withU.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Internal control over financial reporting includes maintaining records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect our transactions; providing reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary for preparation of our financial statements in accordance withU.S. generally accepted accounting principles; providing reasonable assurance that receipts and expenditures of Company assets are made in accordance with authorizations of the Company's management and board of directors; and providing reasonable assurance that unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of Company assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements would be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting is not intended to provide absolute assurance that a misstatement of our financial statements would be prevented or detected. In addition, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as ofDecember 31, 2019 , utilizing the criteria set forth in the report entitled Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued in 2013 by theCommittee of Sponsoring Organizations of theTreadway Commission (COSO). Based upon such assessment, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as ofDecember 31, 2019 . There were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the year endedDecember 31, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. 41
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