THIRD QUARTER 2023 FINANCIAL RESULTS

November 6, 2023

Daniel P. Penberthy

President & CEO

Margaret W. Brechtel

EVP & CFO

© 2023 Rand Capital Corporation

Nasdaq: RAND

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

This presentation contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements, other than historical facts, including but not limited to statements regarding the expectations of Rand Capital Corporation ("Rand" or the "Company") to continue to be taxed as a regulated investment company ("RIC") for U.S. federal income tax purposes; the effectiveness of, and execution on, Rand's investment strategy and 2023 objectives; the investment processes used by its external investment adviser, Rand Capital Management, LLC under the investment advisory and management agreement with Rand, the competitive ability and position of Rand, the amount of the Company's dividend per share in future periods, and any assumptions underlying any of the foregoing, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements concern future circumstances and results and other statements that are not historical facts and are sometimes identified by the words "may," "will," "should," "potential," "intend," "expect," "endeavor," "seek," "anticipate," "estimate," "overestimate," "underestimate," "believe," "could," "project," "predict," "continue," "target" or other similar words or

expressions. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those indicated or anticipated by such forward-looking statements. The inclusion of such statements should not be regarded as a representation that such plans, estimates or expectations will be achieved. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from such plans, estimates or expectations include, among others, (1) the risk that Rand may be unable to continue to fulfill the conditions required in order to be treated as a RIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes; (2) evolving legal, regulatory and tax regimes; (3) changes in general economic and/or industry specific conditions; and (4) other risk factors as detailed from time to time in Rand's reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), including Rand's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, the preliminary and definitive proxy statements and other documents filed with the SEC. Consequently, such forward-looking

statements should be regarded as Rand's current plans, estimates and beliefs. Except as required by applicable law, Rand assumes no obligation to

update the forward-looking information contained in this presentation.

The Company's investment activities are managed by its external investment adviser, Rand Capital Management, LLC. Additional information can be found at the Company's website where it regularly posts information: https://www.randcapital.com/.

All information contained herein is for informational purposes and should not be construed as investment advice. It does not constitute an offer, solicitation or recommendation to purchase any security. Past performance does not guarantee future results. Diversification does not guarantee a profit or protect against a loss.

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© 2023 Rand Capital Corporation

Nasdaq: RAND

THIRD QUARTER 2023 EXECUTION

  • Total investment income increased 12% to $1.7 million over the 2022 third quarter
    • Driven by strong growth in interest income
  • Net investment income per share was $0.31 compared with $0.39 in the prior-year period
  • Net asset value per share was $23.771, up 6% from year-end 2022
  • Completed two new investments for $7.8 million in the quarter
  • Total liquidity of ~$22 million at quarter-end2

Delivering Cash Dividends:

  • Paid $0.25 per share cash dividend for the third quarter in Sept 2023
  1. Net asset value per share amounts based on weighted average shares outstanding
  2. Consists of cash, value of publicly traded BDCs and ACV Auctions stock, and senior secured revolving credit facility availability

© 2023 Rand Capital Corporation

The Rand Building, Buffalo, NY

3

Nasdaq: RAND

PORTFOLIO MIX

Fair Value Portfolio Mix

($ in millions)

$66.8

$74.7

$7.2

$7.4

$20.2

$19.2

$40.2

$47.2

Q2 2023

Q3 2023

Portfolio Mix

(# of Companies)

29

30

6

6

8

7

15

17

Q2 2023

Q3 2023

Debt

Equity

Publicly Traded Stock

© 2023 Rand Capital Corporation

Fair value increase reflects new investments and valuation adjustments on several portfolio companies

Mix at quarter-end, based on fair value:

63% Fixed-rate debt investments

27% Equity investments in private companies

10% Publicly traded equities (includes dividend paying BDCs and ACV Auctions stock)

Annualized weighted average yield of debt investments was 13.45%

Realized tax loss on an equity investment having a fair value at zero

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Nasdaq: RAND

Q3 2023 INVESTMENTS

Full-service staffing and executive search

firm, with a growing focus on the

healthcare industry

Funded $3.0 million of senior debt

at 12% (+4% PIK) and

$1.0 million preferred equity investment,

which will carry a 12% dividend

© 2023 Rand Capital Corporation

Commercial mulch installation

company that covers the north and

central Florida market

Funded $3.4 million subordinated note at 13% and $420,000 interest earning convertible note

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Nasdaq: RAND

DIVERSIFIED PORTFOLIO

Investments by Industry Classification

September 30, 2023

Automotive

Public BDC 4%

Stocks 6%

Distribution

6%

Software 8%

Professional Services

40%

Consumer Products

13%

Manufacturing

23%

Based on total investments at fair value of $74.7 million

© 2023 Rand Capital Corporation

June 30, 2023

Public BDC

Automotive

5%

Stocks 6%

Distribution

7%

Professional Services

Software 9%

32%

Consumer

Products

Manufacturing

15%

26%

Based on total investments at fair value of $66.8 million

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Nasdaq: RAND

TOP FIVE PORTFOLIO INVESTMENTS

($ in millions)

Company

Investments at

Year

Industry

% of Total

Investment Type

Fair Value

Acquired

Portfolio

Professional Services - Cellular

Equity -

Tilson

$10.6

2015

info systems, construction,

14%

paying dividend

mgmt.

Term note

Seybert's

$6.0

2021

Consumer Product - Billiard

8%

(12% plus 2% PIK)

supplies

Warrant

Term note

SciAps, Inc.

$5.2

2013

Manufacturing -

7%

(12%)

Portable analytical instruments

Equity

Food Service

Professional Services -

Term note

$5.2

2022

Services for commercial

7%

(12%)

Supply

kitchens and new builds

Equity

Distribution - Stocking

Term note

INEA

$4.3

2023

distributor of alloys and

6%

(12% plus 2% PIK)

electronic grade nickels

Equity

Total Top 5

$31.3

42%

All values as of September 30, 2023. Totals may not foot due to rounding.

$74.7 million portfolio fair value with 30 portfolio companies

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© 2023 Rand Capital Corporation

Nasdaq: RAND

FINANCIAL REVIEW

© 2023 Rand Capital Corporation

Nasdaq: RAND

THIRD QUARTER FINANCIAL SUMMARY

($ in thousands, except per share data)

Q3 2023

Q3 2022

Total investment income

$

1,741

$

1,554

Total expenses

810

499

Net investment income¹

799

1,010

Net investment income per share²

$

0.31

$

0.39

Adjusted net investment income per share³

$

0.29

$

0.40

Net realized and unrealized (loss) gain

$

(203)

$

95

on investments

Net increase in net assets from operations

596

1,105

Net increase in net assets from operations

$

0.23

$

0.43

per share²

Total investment income grew 12%

  • Driven by a 40% increase in interest from portfolio companies

Total expenses reflects increase in interest expense and base management fees, partially offset by a credit with respect to capital gains incentive fees

Excluding the capital gains incentive fees, adjusted expenses in Q3 23 were

$851,000 compared with $477,000 in Q3 22³

  • Increase reflects higher interest expense given use of senior revolving credit facility

¹ Net of income tax expense

² Per share amounts based on weighted average shares outstanding of 2,581,021 in Q3 2023 and in Q3 2022.

  • Adjusted Net Investment Income per share and Adjusted Expenses are non-GAAP financial measures. Please see supplemental slides for a description of these non-GAAP financial measures and reconciliation tables between GAAP and non-GAAP.

© 2023 Rand Capital Corporation

9

Nasdaq: RAND

NET ASSET VALUE CHANGE: Q3 2023

($ in thousands)

$61,402

$799

($2,803)

$2,600

($645)

$61,352

Net assets at

Net investment

Net realized loss on

Net change in

Cash dividend

Net assets at

6/30/2023

income

sales and dispositions

unrealized

09/30/2023

$61,402,028

of investments

appreciation on

$61,352,277

investments

Totals may not sum due to rounding

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© 2023 Rand Capital Corporation

Nasdaq: RAND

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Rand Capital Corporation published this content on 06 November 2023 and is solely responsible for the information contained therein. Distributed by Public, unedited and unaltered, on 06 November 2023 13:23:47 UTC.