Overview
We are an onshore independent oil and natural gas company focused on the development, production and exploration of large, repeatable resource plays inNorth America . Our operations are located in the Eagle Ford formation in southTexas . Our strategy is to acquire and/or develop assets where we are operator and have high working interests, positioning us to efficiently control the pace and scope of our development and the allocation of our capital resources. Serving as operator allows us to control the drilling, completion, operations, and marketing of sold volumes. 29 Table of Contents
Business and Industry Outlook
Through the first nine months of 2020, WTI oil spot prices ranged from a high of$63.27 in January and briefly dropped below zero inApril 2020 , primarily due to drastic price cutting and increased production bySaudi Arabia coupled with a demand reduction caused by the global COVID-19 pandemic. More recently, WTI oil spot prices have slowly rebounded and hovered near$40 per barrel. While market prices for crude oil, natural gas and NGLs are inherently volatile, the increase in supply and decrease in demand to historic extremes has impacted our entire industry. Given the dynamic nature of these macroeconomic conditions, we are unable to reasonably estimate the period of time that these market conditions will exist and the extent of the impact they will have on our business, liquidity, results of operations, financial condition, or the timing of any subsequent recovery. The sharp decline in commodity prices and lower expectations for near-term commodity prices, has reduced our revenue and cash flow from operations and slowed the pace at which we can develop our oil and natural gas assets. As a result, we were not in compliance with certain financial covenants required by our credit facilities as ofSeptember 30, 2020 and there is substantial risk we will be unable to comply with such ratios and covenants in the future (described further under Credit Facilities and in Note 1 under Going Concern). Lower commodity prices reduces the amount of oil and natural gas that we can produce economically, which has resulted, and may result, in impairment of our proved oil and gas properties or undeveloped acreage (such as the impairment discussed under Results of Operations and in Note 2). We continue to execute a hedging program to mitigate our exposure to commodity price volatility. We have oil derivatives in place covering an average of 7,370 Bbls per day for October throughDecember 2020 at a weighted average floor price of$53.83 and 6,690 Bbls per day in 2021 at a weighted average floor price of$49.18 . As described below under Recent Developments, our capital expenditures for the periodMay 1, 2020 throughDecember 31, 2020 are limited to$11.1 million . We expect total 2020 capital expenditures to be in the range of$40 -$45 million , with the expenditures for the period May through December falling under the required limit. We intend to continue to flexibly manage our operations, including capital expenditure levels, based on existing and expected market conditions to protect our balance sheet and retain liquidity. Our planned capital program for 2020 is expected to be funded with cash flow generated from operating activities (which includes proceeds from settlements of derivative contracts), cash on hand and borrowings on our Revolving Facility. As of the date of this Quarterly Report, we had$21.7 million of borrowing capacity undrawn under our Revolving Facility. Recent Developments
As ofSeptember 30, 2020 , we were not in compliance with the Leverage Ratio or the Current Ratio under the Revolving Facility. We are currently in discussions with the Revolving Facility lenders to waive these defaults arising under our failure to comply with the Leverage Ratio and the Current Ratio as ofSeptember 30, 2020 . There can be no assurance that we will receive these waivers. The failure to be in compliance constitutes an event of default under the Revolving Facility, and at any time after the occurrence of an event of default under the Revolving Facility, the lenders thereunder may, among other options, declare any amounts outstanding under the Revolving Facility immediately due and payable and the lenders thereunder may terminate any commitment to make further loans under the Revolving Facility. Any such acceleration of the Revolving Facility will also constitute an event of default under the Term Loan.
On
Extended the delivery date of the
? petroleum engineering firm selected by our Term Loan lenders to
2020;
? Limits our capital expenditures (as defined in the Term Loan agreement) for the
period from
? Limit our general and administrative expense (as defined in the Term Loan
agreement) for the fourth quarter of 2020 to$3.6 million ; 30 Table of Contents Require us to, (a) untilDecember 31, 2020 , negotiate with the Term Loan lenders in good faith on a potential workout, restructuring or similar
negotiation with respect to the Term Loan, which is expected to include any or
a combination of (i) mutually agreeing to a term sheet that reduces our total
debt and leverage, (ii) exploring additional sources of equity capital for us,
? (iii) exploring potential transfers of our oil and gas properties (through
asset sales or otherwise), and (iv) if necessary, hiring of restructuring
advisors, and (b) enter into a restructuring support agreement with the Term
Loan and the Revolving Facility lenders with respect to a workout or
restructuring of our debt on or prior to
as may be agreed; and
Provide that the Asset Coverage Ratio as of
? tested; if the Asset Coverage Ratio as of such date had been tested, it is
unlikely that we would have been in compliance. We have retained restructuring and legal advisors to assist us in our discussions with the lenders under the Term Loan and the Revolving Facility. There can be no assurance that we will be able to enter into a restructuring support agreement within such time frame or that the Term Loan lenders will agree to an extension of the deadline to enter into a restructuring support agreement. If we are unsuccessful in such efforts, it may be necessary for us to seek protection from creditors under Chapter 11 of theU.S. Bankruptcy Code, or an involuntary petition for bankruptcy may be filed against it. Pursuant to the Fifth Amendment to Amended and Restated Term Loan Agreement, we are required to deliver onNovember 30, 2020 (i) a reserve report as ofSeptember 30, 2020 and (ii) a compliance certificate with respect to the Asset Coverage Ratio as ofSeptember 30, 2020 . While we have not yet finalized our reserve report as of such date and, as such, have not yet determined whether we are in compliance with the Asset Coverage Ratio as of the same date, there is substantial risk that we will not be in compliance with the Asset Coverage Ratio as of such date. The failure to be in compliance with the Asset Coverage Ratio as of any date would constitute an event of default under the Term Loan, and at any time after the occurrence of an event of default under the Term Loan, the lenders thereunder may, among other options, declare any amounts outstanding thereunder immediately due and payable. Such an event of default would also constitute an event of default under the Revolving Facility. In that case, we will continue to work with the Term Loan lenders to provide for whatever waivers or amendments necessary to avoid an event of default thereunder, although there can be no assurances that we would be able to obtain such a waiver or amendment. Results of Operations Revenues and Sales Volume. The following table provides the components of our revenues for the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 and 2019, as well as each period's respective sales volumes: Three months ended Nine months ended September 30, Change September 30, Change Revenue (In $ '000s): 2020 2019 $ % 2020 2019 $ % Oil sales$ 17,638 $ 45,683 $ (28,045) (61)$ 57,830 $ 132,626 $ (74,796) (56) Natural gas sales 1,743 2,823 (1,080) (38) 5,121 9,617 (4,496) (47) NGL sales 1,542 2,591 (1,049) (40) 5,445
9,495 (4,050) (43)
Total revenue
Three months ended Nine months ended September 30, Change September 30, Change Net sales volumes: 2020 2019 Volume % 2020 2019 Volume % Oil (Bbls) 474,806 798,256 (323,450) (41) 1,626,558 2,265,781 (639,223) (28) Natural gas (Mcf) 870,956 1,537,676 (666,720) (43) 2,909,449 4,498,227 (1,588,778) (35) NGL (Bbls) 153,955 196,609 (42,654) (22) 426,541 607,566 (181,025) (30) Oil equivalent (Boe) 773,920 1,251,144 (477,224) (38) 2,538,007 3,623,052 (1,085,045) (30) Average daily production (Boe/d) 8,412 13,599 (5,187) (38) 9,263 13,271 (4,008) (30) 31 Table of Contents
Sales volumes decreased by 477,224 Boe (5,187 Boe/d) to 773,920 Boe (8,412 Boe/d) for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2020 compared to 1,251,144 Boe (13,599 Boe/d) for the same prior year period. Sales volumes decreased by 1,085,045 Boe (4,008 Boe/d) to 2,538,007 Boe (9,263 Boe/d) for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 compared to 3,623,052 Boe (13,271 Boe/d) for the same prior year period. The lower volumes in both 2020 periods are primarily due to more wells coming onto production in late 2018 and early 2019 (11.0 new wells coming online in the fourth quarter of 2018 and 20.0 new operated wells in the first nine months of 2019) compared to late 2019 and the first half of 2020 (2.0 wells coming online in each of the fourth quarter of 2019 and first quarter of 2020 and 4.0 net wells that came online in late second quarter 2020). This scaled back 2020 development plan is in a large part due to the decrease in oil prices beginning in earlyMarch 2020 and reflects capital spending limitations included in our recent credit agreement amendments. The three months and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2019 also included approximately 1,074 Boe/d and 1,158 Boe/d of production from theDimmit County assets, which were sold inOctober 2019 . Our sales volume is oilweighted, with oil representing 61% and 64% of total sales volume for the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 , respectively, and liquids (oil and NGLs) representing 81% of total sales volumes for the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 . For the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2019 , oil represented 64% and 63% of total sales volumes, respectively, and liquids represented 80% and 79% of total sales volumes, respectively. Our oil cut decreased slightly during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2020 due primarily to a decrease in flared natural gas volumes and restored production on certain of our gassier wells. Oil sales. Oil sales decreased by$28.1 million (62%) to$17.6 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2020 from$45.7 million for the same prior year period. The decrease in oil revenue was driven by lower sales volumes ($18.5 million ) and the significant decrease in market prices beginning inMarch 2020 ($9.5 million ). Oil sales volumes decreased 41% to 474,806 Bbls for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2020 compared to 798,256 Bbls for the prior year period. The average realized price on the sale of our oil decreased by 32% to$37.15 per Bbl for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2020 . Oil sales decreased by$74.8 million (56%) to$57.8 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 from$132.6 million for the same prior year period, of which$37.4 million was the result of lower realized oil prices and$37.4 million was the result of lower sales volumes. The average realized price on the sale of our oil decreased by 39% to$35.56 per Bbl for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 . Oil sales volumes decreased 28% to 1,626,558 Bbls for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 compared to 2,265,781 Bbls for the prior year period. Natural gas sales. Natural gas sales decreased by$1.1 million (38%) to$1.7 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2020 from$2.8 million for the prior year period. The decrease in natural gas revenues was driven by lower sales volumes ($1.2 million ), offset by a slight improvement in pricing. Natural gas sales volumes decreased 43% to 870,956 Mcf for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2020 compared to 1,537,676 Mcf for the prior year period. As noted above, we sold ourDimmit County assets inOctober 2019 , which accounted for approximately 15% of our gas production for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2019 (but only 3% of our oil production). The average realized price on the sale of our natural gas increased by 9% to$2.00 per Mcf (net of certain transportation and marketing costs) for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2020 from$1.84 per Mcf for the prior year period. Natural gas sales decreased by$4.5 million (47%) to$5.1 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 from$9.6 million for the prior year period, of which$3.4 million was the result of lower production volume and$1.1 million was the result of lower product pricing. Natural gas sales volumes decreased 35% to 2,909,449 Mcf for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 compared to 4,498,227 Mcf for the prior year period. The average realized price on the sale of our natural gas decreased by 18% to$1.76 per Mcf for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 from$2.14 per Mcf for the prior year period. NGL sales. NGL sales decreased by$1.0 million (40%) to$1.5 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2020 from$2.6 million for the prior year period. The decrease in NGL revenues was the result of lower sales volumes ($0.6 million ) and lower product pricing ($0.5 million ). NGL sales volumes decreased 42,654 Bbls (22%) to 153,955 Bbls for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2020 compared to 196,609 Bbls for the prior year period. The average realized price on the sale of our NGLs decreased by 24% to$10.02 per Bbl for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2020 from$13.18 per Bbl for the prior year period. 32
Table of Contents
NGL sales decreased by$4.1 million (43%) to$5.4 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 from$9.5 million for the prior year period, of which$2.8 million was due to lower sales volumes and$1.2 million was the result of lower product pricing. NGL sales volumes decreased 181,025 Bbls (30%) to 426,741 Bbls for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 compared to 607,566 Bbls for the prior year period. The average realized price on the sale of our NGLs decreased by 18% to$12.77 per Bbl for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 from$15.63 per Bbl for the prior year period. The following table provides a summary of our operating expenses on a per Boe basis: Three months ended September 30, Change Nine months ended September 30, Change
Selected per Boe metrics 2020 2019 $ % 2020 2019 $ % Total oil, natural gas and NGL revenues (price received) $ 27.04 $ 40.84 (13.80) (34) $ 26.95 $ 41.88 (14.93) (36) Effect of commodity derivatives on average price 13.65 1.60 12.05 753 14.93 1.54 13.39 869 Total oil, natural gas and NGL revenues (price realized) $ 40.69 $ 42.44 (1.75) (4) $ 41.88 $ 43.42 (1.54) (4) Lease operating expense (1) $ (6.04) $ (5.12) (0.92) (18) $ (6.59) $ (6.08) (0.51) (8) Workover expense (1) $ (0.75) $ (0.96) 0.21 22 $ (0.82) $ (1.13) 0.31 27 Gathering, processing and transportation expense $ (4.30) $ (2.67) (1.63) (61) $ (3.81) $ (2.74) (1.07) (39) Production taxes $ (3.01) $ (2.27) (0.74) (33) $ (1.60) $ (2.51) 0.91 36 Depreciation, depletion and amortization (2) $ (29.17) $ (18.45) (10.72) (58)$ (26.36) $ (18.57) (7.79) (42) General and administrative expense $ (4.99) $ (4.05) (0.94) (23) $ (5.27) $ (4.36) (0.91) (21)
(1) Lease operating expense and workover expense are included together in lease
operating and workover expenses on the consolidated statement of operations.
(2) Excludes depreciation related to corporate assets.
Lease operating expense. Our LOE decreased by$1.6 million (27%) to$4.7 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2020 from$6.4 million in the prior year period, but increased$0.92 per Boe to$6.04 per Boe from$5.12 per Boe. InMarch 2020 , we made field operating changes and renegotiated pricing with a number of our vendors due to the material drop in market oil prices, which reduced our costs on an absolute basis. However, a portion of our costs are fixed, and the per Boe rate was negatively impacted by our lower production volumes. LOE decreased by$5.3 million (24%) to$16.7 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 from$22.0 million in the prior period, but increased$0.51 per Boe to$6.59 per Boe from$6.08 per Boe for the reasons described above. Workover expense. Workover expense decreased by$0.6 million (51%) to$0.6 million ($0.75 per Boe) for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2020 from$1.2 million ($0.96 per Boe) in the prior year period. We have reduced workover expense through conversion of rod pumps to gas lift and redesign of certain rod pump wells to reduce our well failure rates and the associated workover expense going forward.
Workover expense decreased by$2.0 million (49%) to$2.1 million ($0.82 per Boe) for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 from$4.1 million ($1.13 per Boe) in the same prior period. As a result of the material drop in oil prices, beginningApril 2020 throughJuly 2020 , we deferred workovers for low producing wells as it was not economic to service the wells which drove down absolute and per Boe workover expense for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 . 33 Table of Contents Gathering, processing and transportation expense ("GP&T"). GP&T for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2020 totaled$3.3 million ($4.30 per Boe), which was consistent on an absolute basis with the three months endedSeptember 30, 2019 . In 2020, GP&T fees were primarily incurred on production from the properties we acquired inApril 2018 . Sales volumes from these assets decreased 24% during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2020 as compared to the prior year period. The volume driven decrease was partially offset by additional compression expense associated with our midstream partner's plant expansion and fees charged for delivery variances to nominations. GP&T decreased by$0.2 million (2%) to$9.7 million ($3.81 per Boe) for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 as compared to$9.9 million ($2.74 per Boe) for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2019 . Sales volumes from the assets that generate GP&T decreased 9% during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 as compared to the prior year period. In addition, in 2019, we incurred$0.4 million of GP&T associated with theDimmit County assets, which were sold inOctober 2019 . These decreases were partially offset by additional compression expense associated with our midstream partner's plant expansion. Production taxes. Our production taxes decreased by$0.5 million (18%) to$2.3 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2020 from$2.8 million for the prior year period, which was driven by our overall decrease in revenue, offset by an ad valorem adjustment of$0.9 million for the 2020 period to reflect
our recent assessment. Our production taxes decreased by$5.0 million (55%) to$4.1 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 from$9.1 million for the prior year period, which was also driven by our overall decrease in revenue. In addition, we recorded a severance tax refund related to prior periods of$1.1 million that the Company expects to receive. Exclusive of the expected severance tax refund, production taxes increased to 7.6% of total revenue for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 , as compared to 6.0% of total revenue for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2019 . Ad valorem taxes are not charged on wells during the first calendar year of production. As a result of fewer new wells coming on-line for production in 2020 as compared to the prior year, our overall production tax rate is higher in 2020.
Depletion, depreciation and amortization expense ("DD&A"). Our DD&A expense related to proved oil and natural gas properties increased by$0.5 million (2%) to$22.6 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2020 from$23.1 million for the prior year period. On a per Boe basis, DD&A increased to$29.17 per Boe for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2020 compared to$18.45 per Boe for the prior year period. DD&A per Boe for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2019 , was diluted by production from theDimmit County assets, which were classified as held for sale and not subject to depletion. The assets were sold inOctober 2019 . In addition, the number of proved undeveloped reserve locations has decreased due to changes to our development program. For the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 , DD&A expense related to proved oil and natural gas properties decreased slightly to$66.9 million as compared to$67.3 million the same prior year period. On a per Boe basis, DD&A increased to$26.36 per Boe for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 compared to$18.57 per Boe for the prior year period for the reasons noted above. Impairment expense. During the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 , we recorded impairment expense related to proved properties totaling$331.9 million . These impairments largely resulted from downward revisions to our oil and gas reserves and the associated expected future cash flows due to the continued depressed commodity prices. In addition, as a result of the depressed commodity price environment and the uncertainty regarding our liquidity, we have significantly slowed the pace of our future development plans.
During the three and nine months ended
Reserve estimates and related impairments of proved and unproved properties are difficult to predict in a volatile price environment. We may experience additional proved or unproved property impairments in the future if commodity prices for the products we produce continue to decline, if we experience additional changes to our longer term development plans or if there are downward adjustments to our reserves. 34 Table of Contents General and administrative expense ("G&A"). G&A decreased by$1.2 million (24%) to$3.9 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2020 as compared to$5.1 million for the prior year. During the three months endedSeptember 30, 2020 we incurred legal and advisory fees of$1.5 million ($1.93 per Boe) to explore transactions to increase our capital and to reduce our total debt and leverage, as required under the recent amendments to the Term Loan. During the three months endedSeptember 30, 2019 we incurred legal and accounting fees to complete our Redomiciliation to theU.S of$0.5 million ($0.40 per Boe). G&A, excluding the costs associated with these discrete transactions, decreased on an absolute basis as compared to prior year primarily due to lower salaries and wages as a result of the expected PPP loan forgiveness of$1.1 million attributable to the three months endedSeptember 30, 2020 and our workforce reduction of approximately 18% and also reduced salaries for certain positions, which occurred in earlyMay 2020 . For the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 , G&A decreased by$2.4 million (15%) to$13.4 million as compared to$15.8 million for the same prior year period. During the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 we incurred legal and advisory fees of$2.1 million ($0.84 per Boe) related to the credit facility amendments as described above and$0.2 million ($0.08 per Boe) for legal and accounting fees to complete our Redomiciliation to theU.S. During the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2019 we incurred legal and accounting fees related to the Redomiciliation of$1.5 million ($0.42 per Boe). G&A, excluding the costs associated with these discrete transactions, decreased on an absolute basis as compared to prior year primarily due to lower salaries and wages as a result of the expected PPP loan forgiveness of$1.9 million attributable to the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 and our workforce and salary reductions. As described under Credit Facilities, our G&A for the second and third quarter of 2020, was limited to$3 million per quarter (as defined in the agreements). After the adjustments provided for in the agreements, we were in compliance with the covenant for both periods. Our G&A is limited to$3.6 million for the fourth quarter of 2020. Gain/loss on commodity derivative financial instruments. Our commodity derivative contracts are marked to market at the end of each reporting period with the changes in fair value being recognized as gain (loss) on commodity derivative financial instruments, net. Cash flow, however, is only impacted by the monthly settlements paid to or received by the counterparty, which are also recorded as gain (loss) on commodity derivative financial instruments, net. The components of gain (loss) on commodity derivative financial instruments was as follows (in thousands): Three months ended Nine months ended September 30, September 30, 2020 2019 $ Change 2020 2019 $ Change Unrealized gains (losses)$ (17,759) $ 14,294 $ (32,053) $ 27,747 $ (12,345) $ 40,092 Realized gains 10,566 2,007 8,559 37,905 5,590 32,315 Total gain (loss) on commodity derivative financial instruments$ (7,193) $ 16,301 $ (23,494) $ 65,652 $ (6,755) $ 72,407
Interest expenses, net of amounts capitalized. The components of interest expense, net of amounts capitalized was as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended September 30, Change Nine months ended September 30, Change Interest Expense 2020 2019 $ 2020 2019 $ Interest expense on Term Loan, Revolving Facility and other 8,289 8,400 (111) 23,663 24,574 (911) Amortization of debt issuance costs 920 877 43 2,764 2,474 290 Expense incurred with debt modification - - - 1,199 - 1,199 Loss on interest rate swap 86 578 (492) 3,170 4,604 (1,434) Capitalized interest (161) (607) 446 (641) (2,019) 1,378 Total 9,134 9,248 (114) 30,155 29,633 522 35 Table of Contents The decrease in interest expense on our Term Loan, Revolving Facility and other for the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 as compared to the same prior year period was driven by the decrease in the average market interest rates, partially offset by an increase in the amount of outstanding debt and additional 2% of paid-in-kind ("PIK") interest, which is added to the principal of the Term Loan. The PIK interest, effectiveMay 30, 2020 , was added as part of the third amendment to the Term Loan inJune 2020 , and totaled$1.3 million and$1.7 million for the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 , respectively. Our weighted average debt outstanding during the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 was$371.7 million and$367.2 million , respectively, versus$363.9 million and$346.7 million , respectively, during the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2019 . AtSeptember 30, 2020 , the stated weighted average interest rates on the Revolving Facility and the Term Loan were 3.40% and 11.00% (including 2% PIK interest added to the principal at each reporting period), respectively, as compared to 5.20% and 10.09%, respectively, atSeptember 30, 2019 . As described in Note 3, we entered into the fourth amendment to our Revolving Facility inJanuary 2020 , which among other things, appointedToronto Dominion (Texas) LLC , as the administrative agent (replacing Natixis). As a result of the former administrative agent exiting the facility and terminating its commitments, we wrote-off previously capitalized deferred debt issuance costs of$1.1 million during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 470- Debt. We capitalized new financing and legal fees of$1.0 million , which will be amortized over the remaining loan term. InJune 2020 , we entered into the fifth amendment to our Revolving Facility, which among other things, reduced our borrowing base from$210 million and$170 million . As a result, we wrote-off deferred debt issuance costs in proportion to the decrease in borrowing base of$0.1 million during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 . We recognized a loss on our interest rate swap of$0.1 million and$0.6 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and$3.2 million and$4.6 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Our interest rate swaps are marked to market at the end of each reporting period, with the changes in fair value being recognized as interest expense. Cash settlements paid to or received by our counterparty are also recorded as interest expense. In the three months endedSeptember 30, 2020 , the loss on the interest rate swap consisted of$0.6 million of unrealized gains and$0.7 million of realized cash settlements. In the three months endedSeptember 30, 2019 , the loss on the interest rate swap consisted of$0.3 million of unrealized losses and$0.3 million of realized cash settlements. In the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 , the loss on the interest rate swap consisted of$1.0 million of unrealized losses and$2.2 million of realized cash settlements. In the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2019 , the loss on the interest rate swap consisted of$4.4 million of unrealized losses and$0.2 million of realized
cash settlements. Other income (expense). In the second quarter 2020, we conveyed our non-core interest in the petroleum exploration license 570 located in theCooper Basin inAustralia ("PEL570") to the property's operator. At the time of the conveyance, we had accrued expenses related to exploratory drilling of approximately$3.7 million . As consideration for the property, the operator settled our outstanding liability for$0.9 million . The property had previously been fully impaired, and therefore we recognized a gain on the conveyance of$2.8 million during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 , which is recorded in other income (expense) on the consolidated statement of operations. As a result of the conveyance, we were also relieved of our commitment to fund any further exploratory drilling for PEL570. 36 Table of Contents
Income tax expense (benefit). The components of our provision for income tax expense (benefit) and our effective income tax rates were as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30, Income tax expense (benefit) 2020 2019 Change in $ 2020 2019 Change in $ Current tax expense (benefit) (33) - (33) (103) - (103) Deferred tax expense/(benefit) (8,332) 1,573 (9,905) (6,887) (2,478) (4,409) Total income tax expense (benefit) (8,365) 1,573 (9,938) (6,990) (2,478) (4,512) Effective tax rate 2.1% 10.6% 1.9% 10.4%
Our effective income tax rate, as shown above, differs from the statutory rate (21%) primarily due to changes in our valuation allowance.
Adjusted EBITDAX. Management has historically used both GAAP and certain non-GAAP measures to assess our performance. Adjusted EBITDAX is a supplemental non-GAAP financial measure that is used by our management team for various purposes including as a measure of operating performance and as a basis for strategic planning and forecasting, and certain external users of our consolidated financial statements, such as investors and industry analysts.
We define "Adjusted EBITDAX" as earnings before interest expense, income taxes, DD&A, property impairments, gain/(loss) on sale of non-current assets, exploration expense, stock-based compensation, gains and losses on commodity hedging, net of settlements of commodity hedging and certain other non-cash or non-recurring income/expense items. Our computation of Adjusted EBITDAX may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies. Management believes Adjusted EBITDAX is useful because it allows us to more effectively evaluate our operating performance, identify operating trends (which may otherwise be masked by the excluded items) and compare the results of our operations from period to period without regard to our financing policies and capital structure. Adjusted EBITDAX should not be considered as an alternative to, or more meaningful than, net income as determined in accordance with GAAP, or as an indicator of our operating performance or liquidity.
Three months ended
2020 2019 2020 2019 Net income (loss) $
(356,574) $ 13,296
(8,365) 1,573 (6,990) (2,478) Interest expense 9,134 9,248 30,155 29,633 Loss (gain) on commodity derivative financial instruments, net 7,193 (16,301) (65,652) 6,755 Settlement of commodity derivatives financial instruments
10,566 2,007 37,905 5,590 DD&A expense 22,758 23,273 67,527 67,735 Impairment expense 331,877 907 331,877 9,990 Exploration expense 20 213 193 235
Noncash stock-based compensation expense (3) 57 192 334 Transaction-related expenses included in G&A expense (1) 1,465 497 2,324 1,511 Reduction-in-force related expenses included in G&A expense 142 - 330 - Other expense (income), net (2)
72 19 (2,487) 29 Adjusted EBITDAX $ 18,285 $ 34,789 $ 63,271 $ 98,064 In 2019 and early 2020, we incurred one-time costs, primarily legal and
accounting fees, to complete our Redomiciliation to the
(1) 2020, we incurred costs to amend our credit facilities and explore
transactions to reduce our leverage (as required by the third amendment to the Term Loan). 37 Table of Contents
(2) Other income for the three and nine months ended
a$2.8 million gain on the conveyance of PEL570 to the operator. 38 Table of Contents
Liquidity and Capital Resources
AtSeptember 30, 2020 , our cash balance totaled$2.6 million and we had working capital of$11.6 million , which included the net fair value of derivative positions of$28.5 million . In the fourth quarter 2020, we expect total capital expenditures to be approximately$6.5 to$7.5 million , which includes completion of 2.0 net drilled uncompleted wells. We intend to fund the capital expenditures with cash on hand and cash flow generated from operations.
We and our wholly owned subsidiary, SEI, are parties to a syndicated
The Revolving Facility maturesOctober 23, 2022 , and the Term Loan matures onApril 23, 2023 . Our Term Loan and Revolving Facility require us to maintain a variety of financial ratios (described below under "Credit Facilities"). As a result of the recent sharp decrease in oil prices and the resulting scaled down development plan, our business is sensitive to these financial covenants, particularly in the near term. OnSeptember 30, 2020 , we were not in compliance with the Leverage Ratio or the Current Ratio under the Revolving Facility. We are currently in discussions with the Revolving Facility lenders to waive these defaults arising under our failure to comply with the Leverage Ratio and the Current Ratio as ofSeptember 30, 2020 . There can be no assurance that we will receive these waivers. The failure to be in compliance constitutes an event of default under the Revolving Facility, and at any time after the occurrence of an event of default under the Revolving Facility, the lenders thereunder may, among other options, declare any amounts outstanding under the Revolving Facility immediately due and payable and the lenders thereunder may terminate any commitment to make further loans under the Revolving Facility. Any such acceleration of the Revolving Facility will also constitute an event of default under the Term Loan. In addition, we are currently required by the Term Loan facility to negotiate with the lenders under the credit facilities to enter into a restructuring support agreement with such lenders with respect to a workout or restructuring of our debt on or prior toNovember 30, 2020 or such later date as may be agreed. There can be no assurance that we will be able to enter into a restructuring support agreement with such time frame or that the Term Loan lenders will agree to an extension. Pursuant to the Fifth Amendment to Amended and Restated Term Loan Agreement, we are required to deliver onNovember 30, 2020 (i) a reserve report as ofSeptember 30, 2020 and (ii) a compliance certificate with respect to the Asset Coverage Ratio as ofSeptember 30, 2020 . While we have not yet finalized our reserve report as of such date and, as such, have not yet determined whether we are in compliance with the Asset Coverage Ratio as of the same date, there is substantial risk that we will not be in compliance with the Asset Coverage Ratio as of such date. The failure to be in compliance with the Asset Coverage Ratio as of any date would constitute an event of default under the Term Loan, and at any time after the occurrence of an event of default under the Term Loan, the lenders thereunder may, among other options, declare any amounts outstanding thereunder immediately due and payable. Such an event of default would also constitute an event of default under the Revolving Facility. In that case, we will continue to work with the Term Loan lenders to provide for whatever waivers or amendments necessary to avoid an event of default thereunder, although there can be no assurances that we would be able to obtain such a waiver or amendment. Our liquidity is highly dependent on prices we receive for the sale of oil, gas, and NGLs we produce. Prices we receive are determined by prevailing market conditions and greatly influence our revenue, cash flow, profitability, ability to comply with financial and other covenants in our credit facilities, access to capital and future rate of growth. We expect that our commodity derivative positions will help us stabilize a portion of our expected cash flows from operations despite the recent decline in the price of oil and natural gas. At times, we may choose to liquidate derivative positions before the contract ends in order realize the current value of our existing positions, to the extent permitted by our credit facilities Please see Note 6 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a summary of our outstanding derivative positions
as ofSeptember 30, 2020 . 39 Table of Contents
If commodity prices remain depressed for an extended period of time or the capital/credit markets become constrained, the borrowing capacity under our Revolving Facility could be reduced further and we may be required to repay some or all of our indebtedness prior to maturity.
Cash Flows Our cash flows for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows: Nine months ended September 30, (In $ '000s) 2020 2019
Net cash provided by operating activities$ 23,174 $ 75,101 Net cash used in investing activities$ (47,311) $ (124,369) Net cash provided by financing activities$ 14,353 $
49,650 Cash flows provided by operating activities. Cash provided by operating activities for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 was$23.2 million , a decrease of$51.9 million compared to$75.1 million in the prior year period. This decrease was driven by lower revenues resulting from a decrease in production volumes and lower product pricing. Including the effect of derivative settlements, including unwound positions, (as shown on page 30), our realized price per Boe decreased 4% to$41.88 per Boe as compared to$43.42 per Boe. During the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 , we had cash settlements from our derivative contracts of$37.4 million . In addition, we received$1.9 million of PPP proceeds, which we expect to be forgiven. Due to payment timing, our cash flows from operations for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 included three quarterly interest payments on our Term Loan, whereas, the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2019 included two quarterly interest payments, which resulted in lower cash flows in 2020 of$6.5 million . Cash flows used in investing activities. Cash used in investing activities for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 decreased to$47.3 million as compared to$124.3 million in the same prior year period. Cash flows for both periods were primarily related to payment of drilling and completion costs. We slowed our pace of development in 2020 as a result of the commodity price environment. In 2020 and 2019, the cash flows used in investing activities also included a reduction of the amount of capital expenditures included in accounts payable and accrued expenditures of$9.4 million and$5.6 million , respectively. Cash flows provided by financing activities. Cash provided by financing activities totaled$14.4 million for financing activities during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 , as compared to$49.7 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2019 . We drew$17.0 million on the Revolver in the third quarter of 2020 to meet our working capital needs. This was partially offset by a$1.4 million required repayment made in earlyJuly 2020 after we unwound a derivative position. InJanuary 2020 , we paid lender and legal fees totaling$1.0 million to amend our Revolving Facility to increase the borrowing base to$210 million (which was subsequently reduced to$170 million following the industry downturn). During 2019, we borrowed$50.0 million on our Revolving Facility to fund a portion of our 2019 drilling program. Capital Expenditures During the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 , our capital additions totaled$35.9 million , of which$32.8 million were drilling, completions and facility costs, primarily to complete and equip 6.0 net wells, which were turned to sales inFebruary 2020 (2.0 net wells) and in lateJune 2020 (4.0 net wells). We also drilled 2.0 net wells early in the second quarter 2020, which we plan to complete in the fourth quarter 2020. Credit Facilities Interest on the Revolving Facility accrues at LIBOR plus a margin that ranges from 2.50% to 3.50% based upon the amount drawn. Interest on the Term Loan accrues at LIBOR (with a LIBOR floor of 1.0%) plus 10.0%, of which 2% of the applicable margin is payable-in-kind (effectiveMay 30, 2020 ). 40 Table of Contents
Under the Revolving Facility, we are required to maintain the following financial ratios:
a minimum Current Ratio, consisting of consolidated current assets (as defined
? in the Revolving Facility) including undrawn borrowing capacity to consolidated
current liabilities (as defined in the Revolving Facility), of not less than
1.0 to 1.0 as of the last day of any fiscal quarter;
a maximum Leverage Ratio, consisting of consolidated Total Debt to adjusted
? consolidated EBITDAX (as defined in the Revolving Facility), of not greater
than 3.5 to 1.0 as of the last day of any fiscal quarter; and
a minimum Interest Coverage Ratio, consisting of EBITDAX to Consolidated
? Interest Expense (as defined in the Revolving Facility), of not less than 1.5
to 1.0 as of the last day of any fiscal quarter (for such time as there is a
similar covenant under ours or SEI's subordinated indebtedness).
Under the Term Loan, we are required to maintain the following financial ratios:
a minimum Interest Coverage Ratio, consisting of EBITDAX to Consolidated
? Interest Expense (as defined in the Term Loan), of not less than 1.5 to 1.0 as
of the last day of any fiscal quarter (for such time as there is a similar
covenant under ours or SEI's subordinated indebtedness); and
? an Asset Coverage Ratio, consisting of Total Proved PV9% to Total Debt (as
defined in the Term Loan agreement), of not less than 1.50 to 1.0. In addition, the third, fourth and fifth amendments to the Term Loan and fifth amendment to the Revolving Facility established a cap on maximum capital expenditures (as defined in the agreements) of$5 million fromMay 1, 2020 throughSeptember 30, 2020 , and$11.1 million fromMay 1, 2020 throughDecember 31, 2020 , and general and administrative amounts (as defined in the agreements) of$3 million for the second and third quarters of 2020, and$3.6 million for the fourth quarter 2020. A breach of any covenants in our Term Loan will result in default under both our Term Loan and cross default on our Revolving Facility, after any applicable grace period, and a breach of any covenant in our Revolving Facility that results in an acceleration of such debt will result in a default under our Term Loan. A default, if not waived, could result in acceleration of the amounts outstanding under the Credit Facilities. In the event that some or all of the amounts outstanding under our Credit Facilities are accelerated and become immediately due and payable, we may not have the funds to repay, or the ability to refinance, such outstanding amounts and our lenders could foreclose upon our assets. If we are unable to remain in compliance with our financial and non-financial covenants, we intend to seek a waiver or covenant relief. However, no assurances can be given that we will be able to obtain such relief. As ofSeptember 30, 2020 , we were in breach of certain of our financial covenants in our Revolving Facility. As described above, we are required to maintain an Asset Coverage Ratio of not less than 1.5 to 1.0, which is calculated as the present value of our Total Proved Reserves (discounted at 9%) using Nymex pricing and giving consideration to the value of our commodity derivative instruments, to Total Debt. Pursuant to the Fifth Amendment to Amended and Restated Term Loan Agreement, we are required to deliver onNovember 30, 2020 (i) a reserve report as ofSeptember 30, 2020 and (ii) a compliance certificate with respect to the Asset Coverage Ratio as ofSeptember 30, 2020 . While we have not yet finalized our reserve report as of such date and, as such, have not yet determined whether we are in compliance with the Asset Coverage Ratio as of the same date, there is substantial risk that we will not be in compliance with the Asset Coverage Ratio as of such date. In that case, we will continue to work with the Term Loan lenders to provide for whatever waivers or amendments necessary to avoid an event of default thereunder, although there can be no assurances that we would be able to obtain such a waiver or amendment. 41 Table of Contents The value of our oil and gas reserves, (including "Total Proved Reserves" as described in the Term Loan agreement) is highly sensitive to future commodity prices. We regularly enter into commodity derivative contracts to protect the cash flows associated with our proved developed producing wells and to provide supplemental liquidity to mitigate decreases in revenue due to reductions in commodity prices. In addition, we have renegotiated pricing with a number of our vendors and have realized cost savings on drilling and completion activities in 2020 as compared to the rates in effect in 2019. However, given the recent decline and continued volatility of commodity prices combined with a scaled back development program, we believe that it is probable that we will not comply with the Asset Coverage Ratio, Total Debt to EBITDA Ratio and the Current Ratio and potentially other covenants at measurement dates during the 12 months following the date of this Quarterly report and cannot guarantee that we will be able to obtain waivers if a covenant is breached. We are currently working with our lenders to address the status of our compliance with the covenants under the Term Loan and Revolving Facility. If we are unsuccessful in our efforts to restructure and obtain new financing, it may be necessary for us to seek protection from creditors under Chapter 11 of theU.S. Bankruptcy Code ("Chapter 11"), or an involuntary petition for bankruptcy may be filed against us. This raises uncertainty about our ability to continue as a going concern.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future effect on our financial statements, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
There were no changes to our critical accounting policies from those disclosed
in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
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