Michael Cha

Morgan Stanley Investment Management, Inc. (MSIM) is an investment management firm headquartered in New York City. The firm was founded in 1975 and is a subsidiary of Morgan Stanley Domestic Holdings, Inc., ultimately held by Morgan Stanley (NYSE: MS). MSIM provides discretionary and non-discretionary investment management services and products to institutional clients and individual investors. The firm also advises clients as to the appropriate allocation of assets among multiple separate accounts and/or investment companies or other pooled vehicles that the firm advises.

Morgan Stanley Investment Management Ltd. (MSIM) is an asset management firm headquartered in London, UK. Founded in 1986, the firm is a subsidiary of Morgan Stanley Investments (UK), ultimately held by Morgan Stanley (NYSE: MS) in the US. MSIM offers a range of investment and risk management solutions to institutional and professional investors worldwide.

FMR LLC engages in the provision of financial and investment services. It offers financial planning and advice, wealth management, retirement plans, trading and brokerage services, and investment products. The company was founded by Edward C. Johnson II in 1946 and is headquartered in Boston, MA.

Charles Schwab Investment Advisory, Inc. (CSIA) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in San Francisco, California. The firm is a subsidiary of Schwab Holdings, Inc., which is owned by The Charles Schwab Corp. (NYSE: SCHW). CSIA provides portfolio management services for the Schwab Intelligent Portfolios (SIP) program. Clients of the SIP Program primarily include individuals, revocable living trusts, and individual retirement accounts.