Stephen R. Cianci

Macquarie Investment Management Business Trust (MIMBT) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The firm was founded in 1988 and formerly known as Delaware Management Business Trust. They are a subsidiary of Delaware Investment Management Co. LLC, ultimately held by Macquarie Group Ltd. (ASX: MQG) in Australia. MIMBT advises a variety of institutional clients. The firm also provides investment services to certain affiliates and acts as a sub-advisor to unaffiliated sponsors and investment products.

MacKay Shields LLC is a registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The original predecessor to the firm, MacKay-Shields Economics, was founded in 1938 as an economic consulting firm and it became MacKay Shields Financial Corp. (MSFC) in 1969. In 1984, MSFC was purchased by New York Life Insurance Co. (NYLIC). NYLIC established New York Life Investment Management Holdings LLC (NYLIM Holdings) in 1999 and transferred ownership of MSFC to NYLIM Holdings. In 1999, MSFC was converted to MacKay Shields LLC. The ownership, control and management of MacKay Shields did not change as a result of this conversion. The firm is wholly owned by NYLIM Holdings, which is wholly-owned by NYLIC. MacKay Shields provides discretionary investment management services primarily to institutional clients. The firm is a signatory of the United Nation Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI).

Macquarie Investment Management Business Trust (MIMBT) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The firm was founded in 1988 and formerly known as Delaware Management Business Trust. They are a subsidiary of Delaware Investment Management Co. LLC, ultimately held by Macquarie Group Ltd. (ASX: MQG) in Australia. MIMBT advises a variety of institutional clients. The firm also provides investment services to certain affiliates and acts as a sub-advisor to unaffiliated sponsors and investment products.

Macquarie Investment Management Business Trust (MIMBT) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The firm was founded in 1988 and formerly known as Delaware Management Business Trust. They are a subsidiary of Delaware Investment Management Co. LLC, ultimately held by Macquarie Group Ltd. (ASX: MQG) in Australia. MIMBT advises a variety of institutional clients. The firm also provides investment services to certain affiliates and acts as a sub-advisor to unaffiliated sponsors and investment products.

Macquarie Investment Management Business Trust (MIMBT) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The firm was founded in 1988 and formerly known as Delaware Management Business Trust. They are a subsidiary of Delaware Investment Management Co. LLC, ultimately held by Macquarie Group Ltd. (ASX: MQG) in Australia. MIMBT advises a variety of institutional clients. The firm also provides investment services to certain affiliates and acts as a sub-advisor to unaffiliated sponsors and investment products.

Macquarie Investment Management Business Trust (MIMBT) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The firm was founded in 1988 and formerly known as Delaware Management Business Trust. They are a subsidiary of Delaware Investment Management Co. LLC, ultimately held by Macquarie Group Ltd. (ASX: MQG) in Australia. MIMBT advises a variety of institutional clients. The firm also provides investment services to certain affiliates and acts as a sub-advisor to unaffiliated sponsors and investment products.

MacKay Shields LLC is a registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The original predecessor to the firm, MacKay-Shields Economics, was founded in 1938 as an economic consulting firm and it became MacKay Shields Financial Corp. (MSFC) in 1969. In 1984, MSFC was purchased by New York Life Insurance Co. (NYLIC). NYLIC established New York Life Investment Management Holdings LLC (NYLIM Holdings) in 1999 and transferred ownership of MSFC to NYLIM Holdings. In 1999, MSFC was converted to MacKay Shields LLC. The ownership, control and management of MacKay Shields did not change as a result of this conversion. The firm is wholly owned by NYLIM Holdings, which is wholly-owned by NYLIC. MacKay Shields provides discretionary investment management services primarily to institutional clients. The firm is a signatory of the United Nation Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI).

MacKay Shields LLC is a registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The original predecessor to the firm, MacKay-Shields Economics, was founded in 1938 as an economic consulting firm and it became MacKay Shields Financial Corp. (MSFC) in 1969. In 1984, MSFC was purchased by New York Life Insurance Co. (NYLIC). NYLIC established New York Life Investment Management Holdings LLC (NYLIM Holdings) in 1999 and transferred ownership of MSFC to NYLIM Holdings. In 1999, MSFC was converted to MacKay Shields LLC. The ownership, control and management of MacKay Shields did not change as a result of this conversion. The firm is wholly owned by NYLIM Holdings, which is wholly-owned by NYLIC. MacKay Shields provides discretionary investment management services primarily to institutional clients. The firm is a signatory of the United Nation Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI).

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

DWS Investment Management Americas, Inc. (DIMA) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The firm is a subsidiary of DWS USA Corp., ultimately held by Deutsche Bank AG (ETR: DBK) in Germany. The firm was founded in 1984 and formerly known as Deutsche Investment Management Americas Inc. In 2018, they changed their name into DWS as part of the rebranding of Deutsche Asset Management. DIMA provides discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to various institutional clients. They also provide investment advisory services for its municipal bond strategies through wrap fee programs.

DWS Investment Management Americas, Inc. (DIMA) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The firm is a subsidiary of DWS USA Corp., ultimately held by Deutsche Bank AG (ETR: DBK) in Germany. The firm was founded in 1984 and formerly known as Deutsche Investment Management Americas Inc. In 2018, they changed their name into DWS as part of the rebranding of Deutsche Asset Management. DIMA provides discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to various institutional clients. They also provide investment advisory services for its municipal bond strategies through wrap fee programs.

Macquarie Investment Management Business Trust (MIMBT) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The firm was founded in 1988 and formerly known as Delaware Management Business Trust. They are a subsidiary of Delaware Investment Management Co. LLC, ultimately held by Macquarie Group Ltd. (ASX: MQG) in Australia. MIMBT advises a variety of institutional clients. The firm also provides investment services to certain affiliates and acts as a sub-advisor to unaffiliated sponsors and investment products.

Macquarie Investment Management Business Trust (MIMBT) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The firm was founded in 1988 and formerly known as Delaware Management Business Trust. They are a subsidiary of Delaware Investment Management Co. LLC, ultimately held by Macquarie Group Ltd. (ASX: MQG) in Australia. MIMBT advises a variety of institutional clients. The firm also provides investment services to certain affiliates and acts as a sub-advisor to unaffiliated sponsors and investment products.

Macquarie Investment Management Business Trust (MIMBT) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The firm was founded in 1988 and formerly known as Delaware Management Business Trust. They are a subsidiary of Delaware Investment Management Co. LLC, ultimately held by Macquarie Group Ltd. (ASX: MQG) in Australia. MIMBT advises a variety of institutional clients. The firm also provides investment services to certain affiliates and acts as a sub-advisor to unaffiliated sponsors and investment products.

Macquarie Investment Management Business Trust (MIMBT) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The firm was founded in 1988 and formerly known as Delaware Management Business Trust. They are a subsidiary of Delaware Investment Management Co. LLC, ultimately held by Macquarie Group Ltd. (ASX: MQG) in Australia. MIMBT advises a variety of institutional clients. The firm also provides investment services to certain affiliates and acts as a sub-advisor to unaffiliated sponsors and investment products.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

MacKay Shields LLC is a registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The original predecessor to the firm, MacKay-Shields Economics, was founded in 1938 as an economic consulting firm and it became MacKay Shields Financial Corp. (MSFC) in 1969. In 1984, MSFC was purchased by New York Life Insurance Co. (NYLIC). NYLIC established New York Life Investment Management Holdings LLC (NYLIM Holdings) in 1999 and transferred ownership of MSFC to NYLIM Holdings. In 1999, MSFC was converted to MacKay Shields LLC. The ownership, control and management of MacKay Shields did not change as a result of this conversion. The firm is wholly owned by NYLIM Holdings, which is wholly-owned by NYLIC. MacKay Shields provides discretionary investment management services primarily to institutional clients. The firm is a signatory of the United Nation Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI).

DWS Investment Management Americas, Inc. (DIMA) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The firm is a subsidiary of DWS USA Corp., ultimately held by Deutsche Bank AG (ETR: DBK) in Germany. The firm was founded in 1984 and formerly known as Deutsche Investment Management Americas Inc. In 2018, they changed their name into DWS as part of the rebranding of Deutsche Asset Management. DIMA provides discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to various institutional clients. They also provide investment advisory services for its municipal bond strategies through wrap fee programs.

Macquarie Investment Management Business Trust (MIMBT) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The firm was founded in 1988 and formerly known as Delaware Management Business Trust. They are a subsidiary of Delaware Investment Management Co. LLC, ultimately held by Macquarie Group Ltd. (ASX: MQG) in Australia. MIMBT advises a variety of institutional clients. The firm also provides investment services to certain affiliates and acts as a sub-advisor to unaffiliated sponsors and investment products.

Macquarie Investment Management Business Trust (MIMBT) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The firm was founded in 1988 and formerly known as Delaware Management Business Trust. They are a subsidiary of Delaware Investment Management Co. LLC, ultimately held by Macquarie Group Ltd. (ASX: MQG) in Australia. MIMBT advises a variety of institutional clients. The firm also provides investment services to certain affiliates and acts as a sub-advisor to unaffiliated sponsors and investment products.

Macquarie Investment Management Business Trust (MIMBT) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The firm was founded in 1988 and formerly known as Delaware Management Business Trust. They are a subsidiary of Delaware Investment Management Co. LLC, ultimately held by Macquarie Group Ltd. (ASX: MQG) in Australia. MIMBT advises a variety of institutional clients. The firm also provides investment services to certain affiliates and acts as a sub-advisor to unaffiliated sponsors and investment products.

DWS Investment Management Americas, Inc. (DIMA) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The firm is a subsidiary of DWS USA Corp., ultimately held by Deutsche Bank AG (ETR: DBK) in Germany. The firm was founded in 1984 and formerly known as Deutsche Investment Management Americas Inc. In 2018, they changed their name into DWS as part of the rebranding of Deutsche Asset Management. DIMA provides discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to various institutional clients. They also provide investment advisory services for its municipal bond strategies through wrap fee programs.

Macquarie Investment Management Business Trust (MIMBT) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The firm was founded in 1988 and formerly known as Delaware Management Business Trust. They are a subsidiary of Delaware Investment Management Co. LLC, ultimately held by Macquarie Group Ltd. (ASX: MQG) in Australia. MIMBT advises a variety of institutional clients. The firm also provides investment services to certain affiliates and acts as a sub-advisor to unaffiliated sponsors and investment products.

Macquarie Investment Management Business Trust (MIMBT) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The firm was founded in 1988 and formerly known as Delaware Management Business Trust. They are a subsidiary of Delaware Investment Management Co. LLC, ultimately held by Macquarie Group Ltd. (ASX: MQG) in Australia. MIMBT advises a variety of institutional clients. The firm also provides investment services to certain affiliates and acts as a sub-advisor to unaffiliated sponsors and investment products.

Macquarie Investment Management Business Trust (MIMBT) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The firm was founded in 1988 and formerly known as Delaware Management Business Trust. They are a subsidiary of Delaware Investment Management Co. LLC, ultimately held by Macquarie Group Ltd. (ASX: MQG) in Australia. MIMBT advises a variety of institutional clients. The firm also provides investment services to certain affiliates and acts as a sub-advisor to unaffiliated sponsors and investment products.

Macquarie Investment Management Business Trust (MIMBT) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The firm was founded in 1988 and formerly known as Delaware Management Business Trust. They are a subsidiary of Delaware Investment Management Co. LLC, ultimately held by Macquarie Group Ltd. (ASX: MQG) in Australia. MIMBT advises a variety of institutional clients. The firm also provides investment services to certain affiliates and acts as a sub-advisor to unaffiliated sponsors and investment products.

Macquarie Investment Management Business Trust (MIMBT) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The firm was founded in 1988 and formerly known as Delaware Management Business Trust. They are a subsidiary of Delaware Investment Management Co. LLC, ultimately held by Macquarie Group Ltd. (ASX: MQG) in Australia. MIMBT advises a variety of institutional clients. The firm also provides investment services to certain affiliates and acts as a sub-advisor to unaffiliated sponsors and investment products.

MacKay Shields LLC is a registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The original predecessor to the firm, MacKay-Shields Economics, was founded in 1938 as an economic consulting firm and it became MacKay Shields Financial Corp. (MSFC) in 1969. In 1984, MSFC was purchased by New York Life Insurance Co. (NYLIC). NYLIC established New York Life Investment Management Holdings LLC (NYLIM Holdings) in 1999 and transferred ownership of MSFC to NYLIM Holdings. In 1999, MSFC was converted to MacKay Shields LLC. The ownership, control and management of MacKay Shields did not change as a result of this conversion. The firm is wholly owned by NYLIM Holdings, which is wholly-owned by NYLIC. MacKay Shields provides discretionary investment management services primarily to institutional clients. The firm is a signatory of the United Nation Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI).

DWS Investment Management Americas, Inc. (DIMA) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The firm is a subsidiary of DWS USA Corp., ultimately held by Deutsche Bank AG (ETR: DBK) in Germany. The firm was founded in 1984 and formerly known as Deutsche Investment Management Americas Inc. In 2018, they changed their name into DWS as part of the rebranding of Deutsche Asset Management. DIMA provides discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to various institutional clients. They also provide investment advisory services for its municipal bond strategies through wrap fee programs.

MacKay Shields LLC is a registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The original predecessor to the firm, MacKay-Shields Economics, was founded in 1938 as an economic consulting firm and it became MacKay Shields Financial Corp. (MSFC) in 1969. In 1984, MSFC was purchased by New York Life Insurance Co. (NYLIC). NYLIC established New York Life Investment Management Holdings LLC (NYLIM Holdings) in 1999 and transferred ownership of MSFC to NYLIM Holdings. In 1999, MSFC was converted to MacKay Shields LLC. The ownership, control and management of MacKay Shields did not change as a result of this conversion. The firm is wholly owned by NYLIM Holdings, which is wholly-owned by NYLIC. MacKay Shields provides discretionary investment management services primarily to institutional clients. The firm is a signatory of the United Nation Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI).

Macquarie Investment Management Business Trust (MIMBT) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The firm was founded in 1988 and formerly known as Delaware Management Business Trust. They are a subsidiary of Delaware Investment Management Co. LLC, ultimately held by Macquarie Group Ltd. (ASX: MQG) in Australia. MIMBT advises a variety of institutional clients. The firm also provides investment services to certain affiliates and acts as a sub-advisor to unaffiliated sponsors and investment products.

Macquarie Investment Management Business Trust (MIMBT) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The firm was founded in 1988 and formerly known as Delaware Management Business Trust. They are a subsidiary of Delaware Investment Management Co. LLC, ultimately held by Macquarie Group Ltd. (ASX: MQG) in Australia. MIMBT advises a variety of institutional clients. The firm also provides investment services to certain affiliates and acts as a sub-advisor to unaffiliated sponsors and investment products.

MacKay Shields LLC is a registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The original predecessor to the firm, MacKay-Shields Economics, was founded in 1938 as an economic consulting firm and it became MacKay Shields Financial Corp. (MSFC) in 1969. In 1984, MSFC was purchased by New York Life Insurance Co. (NYLIC). NYLIC established New York Life Investment Management Holdings LLC (NYLIM Holdings) in 1999 and transferred ownership of MSFC to NYLIM Holdings. In 1999, MSFC was converted to MacKay Shields LLC. The ownership, control and management of MacKay Shields did not change as a result of this conversion. The firm is wholly owned by NYLIM Holdings, which is wholly-owned by NYLIC. MacKay Shields provides discretionary investment management services primarily to institutional clients. The firm is a signatory of the United Nation Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI).

Macquarie Investment Management Business Trust (MIMBT) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The firm was founded in 1988 and formerly known as Delaware Management Business Trust. They are a subsidiary of Delaware Investment Management Co. LLC, ultimately held by Macquarie Group Ltd. (ASX: MQG) in Australia. MIMBT advises a variety of institutional clients. The firm also provides investment services to certain affiliates and acts as a sub-advisor to unaffiliated sponsors and investment products.

Macquarie Investment Management Business Trust (MIMBT) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The firm was founded in 1988 and formerly known as Delaware Management Business Trust. They are a subsidiary of Delaware Investment Management Co. LLC, ultimately held by Macquarie Group Ltd. (ASX: MQG) in Australia. MIMBT advises a variety of institutional clients. The firm also provides investment services to certain affiliates and acts as a sub-advisor to unaffiliated sponsors and investment products.

DWS Investment Management Americas, Inc. (DIMA) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The firm is a subsidiary of DWS USA Corp., ultimately held by Deutsche Bank AG (ETR: DBK) in Germany. The firm was founded in 1984 and formerly known as Deutsche Investment Management Americas Inc. In 2018, they changed their name into DWS as part of the rebranding of Deutsche Asset Management. DIMA provides discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to various institutional clients. They also provide investment advisory services for its municipal bond strategies through wrap fee programs.

DWS Investment Management Americas, Inc. (DIMA) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The firm is a subsidiary of DWS USA Corp., ultimately held by Deutsche Bank AG (ETR: DBK) in Germany. The firm was founded in 1984 and formerly known as Deutsche Investment Management Americas Inc. In 2018, they changed their name into DWS as part of the rebranding of Deutsche Asset Management. DIMA provides discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to various institutional clients. They also provide investment advisory services for its municipal bond strategies through wrap fee programs.

DWS Investment Management Americas, Inc. (DIMA) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The firm is a subsidiary of DWS USA Corp., ultimately held by Deutsche Bank AG (ETR: DBK) in Germany. The firm was founded in 1984 and formerly known as Deutsche Investment Management Americas Inc. In 2018, they changed their name into DWS as part of the rebranding of Deutsche Asset Management. DIMA provides discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to various institutional clients. They also provide investment advisory services for its municipal bond strategies through wrap fee programs.

MacKay Shields LLC is a registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The original predecessor to the firm, MacKay-Shields Economics, was founded in 1938 as an economic consulting firm and it became MacKay Shields Financial Corp. (MSFC) in 1969. In 1984, MSFC was purchased by New York Life Insurance Co. (NYLIC). NYLIC established New York Life Investment Management Holdings LLC (NYLIM Holdings) in 1999 and transferred ownership of MSFC to NYLIM Holdings. In 1999, MSFC was converted to MacKay Shields LLC. The ownership, control and management of MacKay Shields did not change as a result of this conversion. The firm is wholly owned by NYLIM Holdings, which is wholly-owned by NYLIC. MacKay Shields provides discretionary investment management services primarily to institutional clients. The firm is a signatory of the United Nation Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI).

MacKay Shields LLC is a registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The original predecessor to the firm, MacKay-Shields Economics, was founded in 1938 as an economic consulting firm and it became MacKay Shields Financial Corp. (MSFC) in 1969. In 1984, MSFC was purchased by New York Life Insurance Co. (NYLIC). NYLIC established New York Life Investment Management Holdings LLC (NYLIM Holdings) in 1999 and transferred ownership of MSFC to NYLIM Holdings. In 1999, MSFC was converted to MacKay Shields LLC. The ownership, control and management of MacKay Shields did not change as a result of this conversion. The firm is wholly owned by NYLIM Holdings, which is wholly-owned by NYLIC. MacKay Shields provides discretionary investment management services primarily to institutional clients. The firm is a signatory of the United Nation Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI).

MacKay Shields LLC is a registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The original predecessor to the firm, MacKay-Shields Economics, was founded in 1938 as an economic consulting firm and it became MacKay Shields Financial Corp. (MSFC) in 1969. In 1984, MSFC was purchased by New York Life Insurance Co. (NYLIC). NYLIC established New York Life Investment Management Holdings LLC (NYLIM Holdings) in 1999 and transferred ownership of MSFC to NYLIM Holdings. In 1999, MSFC was converted to MacKay Shields LLC. The ownership, control and management of MacKay Shields did not change as a result of this conversion. The firm is wholly owned by NYLIM Holdings, which is wholly-owned by NYLIC. MacKay Shields provides discretionary investment management services primarily to institutional clients. The firm is a signatory of the United Nation Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI).

Macquarie Investment Management Business Trust (MIMBT) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The firm was founded in 1988 and formerly known as Delaware Management Business Trust. They are a subsidiary of Delaware Investment Management Co. LLC, ultimately held by Macquarie Group Ltd. (ASX: MQG) in Australia. MIMBT advises a variety of institutional clients. The firm also provides investment services to certain affiliates and acts as a sub-advisor to unaffiliated sponsors and investment products.

MacKay Shields LLC is a registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The original predecessor to the firm, MacKay-Shields Economics, was founded in 1938 as an economic consulting firm and it became MacKay Shields Financial Corp. (MSFC) in 1969. In 1984, MSFC was purchased by New York Life Insurance Co. (NYLIC). NYLIC established New York Life Investment Management Holdings LLC (NYLIM Holdings) in 1999 and transferred ownership of MSFC to NYLIM Holdings. In 1999, MSFC was converted to MacKay Shields LLC. The ownership, control and management of MacKay Shields did not change as a result of this conversion. The firm is wholly owned by NYLIM Holdings, which is wholly-owned by NYLIC. MacKay Shields provides discretionary investment management services primarily to institutional clients. The firm is a signatory of the United Nation Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI).

MacKay Shields LLC is a registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The original predecessor to the firm, MacKay-Shields Economics, was founded in 1938 as an economic consulting firm and it became MacKay Shields Financial Corp. (MSFC) in 1969. In 1984, MSFC was purchased by New York Life Insurance Co. (NYLIC). NYLIC established New York Life Investment Management Holdings LLC (NYLIM Holdings) in 1999 and transferred ownership of MSFC to NYLIM Holdings. In 1999, MSFC was converted to MacKay Shields LLC. The ownership, control and management of MacKay Shields did not change as a result of this conversion. The firm is wholly owned by NYLIM Holdings, which is wholly-owned by NYLIC. MacKay Shields provides discretionary investment management services primarily to institutional clients. The firm is a signatory of the United Nation Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI).

MacKay Shields LLC is a registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The original predecessor to the firm, MacKay-Shields Economics, was founded in 1938 as an economic consulting firm and it became MacKay Shields Financial Corp. (MSFC) in 1969. In 1984, MSFC was purchased by New York Life Insurance Co. (NYLIC). NYLIC established New York Life Investment Management Holdings LLC (NYLIM Holdings) in 1999 and transferred ownership of MSFC to NYLIM Holdings. In 1999, MSFC was converted to MacKay Shields LLC. The ownership, control and management of MacKay Shields did not change as a result of this conversion. The firm is wholly owned by NYLIM Holdings, which is wholly-owned by NYLIC. MacKay Shields provides discretionary investment management services primarily to institutional clients. The firm is a signatory of the United Nation Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI).

Macquarie Investment Management Business Trust (MIMBT) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The firm was founded in 1988 and formerly known as Delaware Management Business Trust. They are a subsidiary of Delaware Investment Management Co. LLC, ultimately held by Macquarie Group Ltd. (ASX: MQG) in Australia. MIMBT advises a variety of institutional clients. The firm also provides investment services to certain affiliates and acts as a sub-advisor to unaffiliated sponsors and investment products.

MacKay Shields LLC is a registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The original predecessor to the firm, MacKay-Shields Economics, was founded in 1938 as an economic consulting firm and it became MacKay Shields Financial Corp. (MSFC) in 1969. In 1984, MSFC was purchased by New York Life Insurance Co. (NYLIC). NYLIC established New York Life Investment Management Holdings LLC (NYLIM Holdings) in 1999 and transferred ownership of MSFC to NYLIM Holdings. In 1999, MSFC was converted to MacKay Shields LLC. The ownership, control and management of MacKay Shields did not change as a result of this conversion. The firm is wholly owned by NYLIM Holdings, which is wholly-owned by NYLIC. MacKay Shields provides discretionary investment management services primarily to institutional clients. The firm is a signatory of the United Nation Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI).

MacKay Shields LLC is a registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The original predecessor to the firm, MacKay-Shields Economics, was founded in 1938 as an economic consulting firm and it became MacKay Shields Financial Corp. (MSFC) in 1969. In 1984, MSFC was purchased by New York Life Insurance Co. (NYLIC). NYLIC established New York Life Investment Management Holdings LLC (NYLIM Holdings) in 1999 and transferred ownership of MSFC to NYLIM Holdings. In 1999, MSFC was converted to MacKay Shields LLC. The ownership, control and management of MacKay Shields did not change as a result of this conversion. The firm is wholly owned by NYLIM Holdings, which is wholly-owned by NYLIC. MacKay Shields provides discretionary investment management services primarily to institutional clients. The firm is a signatory of the United Nation Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI).

Macquarie Investment Management Business Trust (MIMBT) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The firm was founded in 1988 and formerly known as Delaware Management Business Trust. They are a subsidiary of Delaware Investment Management Co. LLC, ultimately held by Macquarie Group Ltd. (ASX: MQG) in Australia. MIMBT advises a variety of institutional clients. The firm also provides investment services to certain affiliates and acts as a sub-advisor to unaffiliated sponsors and investment products.

Macquarie Investment Management Business Trust (MIMBT) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The firm was founded in 1988 and formerly known as Delaware Management Business Trust. They are a subsidiary of Delaware Investment Management Co. LLC, ultimately held by Macquarie Group Ltd. (ASX: MQG) in Australia. MIMBT advises a variety of institutional clients. The firm also provides investment services to certain affiliates and acts as a sub-advisor to unaffiliated sponsors and investment products.

MacKay Shields LLC is a registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The original predecessor to the firm, MacKay-Shields Economics, was founded in 1938 as an economic consulting firm and it became MacKay Shields Financial Corp. (MSFC) in 1969. In 1984, MSFC was purchased by New York Life Insurance Co. (NYLIC). NYLIC established New York Life Investment Management Holdings LLC (NYLIM Holdings) in 1999 and transferred ownership of MSFC to NYLIM Holdings. In 1999, MSFC was converted to MacKay Shields LLC. The ownership, control and management of MacKay Shields did not change as a result of this conversion. The firm is wholly owned by NYLIM Holdings, which is wholly-owned by NYLIC. MacKay Shields provides discretionary investment management services primarily to institutional clients. The firm is a signatory of the United Nation Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI).