This section provides a discussion of our financial condition and comparative results of operations and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in this report. For more detailed information regarding the basis of presentation for the following information, you should read the notes to the audited consolidated financial statements included in this report.
Overview
We are focused on owning and managing essential grocery-anchored and mixed-use assets located in densely populated technology employment hubs and higher education centers within the Mid-Atlantic, Southeast andColorado markets. As ofDecember 31, 2022 , we owned 17 properties. The properties in our portfolio are dispersed in sub-markets that we believe generally have high population densities, high traffic counts, good visibility and accessibility, which provide our tenants with attractive locations to serve the necessity-based needs of the surrounding communities. As ofDecember 31, 2022 , the properties in our portfolio were 90.4% leased and 84.0% occupied. We are focused on acquiring additional strategically positioned properties in established and developing neighborhoods primarily leased to necessity-based tenants that meet the needs of the surrounding communities in our existing markets, as well as acquiring properties in new markets that meet our investment criteria, including theSoutheastern United States . In addition, we provide commercial real estate brokerage services for our own portfolio and third-party office, industrial and retail operators and tenants.
The table below provides certain information regarding our retail portfolio as
of
As of As of December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Number of properties 17 15 Number of states 5 5 Total square feet (in thousands) 2,026 1,737 Anchor spaces 1,104 917 Inline spaces 922 820 Leased % of rentable square feet (1): Total portfolio 90.4 % 88.1 % Anchor spaces 96.3 % 94.3 % Inline spaces 83.4 % 81.3 % Occupied % of rentable square feet: Total portfolio 84.0 % 84.7 % Anchor spaces 89.6 % 91.9 % Inline spaces 77.3 % 76.7 % Average remaining lease term (in years) (2) 5.3 4.7 Annualized base rent per leased square feet (3) $ 13.76 $ 13.83
(1)
Percent leased is calculated as (a) GLA of rentable commercial square feet occupied or subject to a lease as ofDecember 31, 2022 , divided by (b) total GLA, expressed as a percentage. The total percent occupied, which excludes leases that have been signed but not commenced, was 84.0% as ofDecember 31, 2022 . (2) The average remaining lease term (in years) excludes the future options to extend the term of the lease. (3) Annualized base rent per leased square foot is calculated as total annualized base rent divided by leased GLA as ofDecember 31, 2022 . We are structured as an "Up-C" corporation with substantially all of our operations conducted through ourOperating Partnership and its direct and indirect subsidiaries. As ofDecember 31, 2022 , we owned 85.3% of the OP units in ourOperating Partnership , and we are the sole member of the sole general partner of ourOperating Partnership .
Acquisitions
OnNovember 23, 2022 , we completed the acquisition ofMidtown Row , a mixed-used property, and completed our final Merger whereby we acquiredLamar Station Plaza West . In connection with these acquisitions, we entered into the Eagles Sub-OP Operating Agreement and closed the related transactions. See "-Fortress Preferred Equity Investment " below. During 2021, we closed four additional Mergers whereby we acquiredHighlandtown Village Shopping Center ,Cromwell Field Shopping Center ,Spotswood Valley Square Shopping Center and The Shops atGreenwood Village onMay 21, 2021 ,May 26, 2021 ,June 4, 2021 , andOctober 6, 2021 , respectively. 39 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Impact of COVID-19
We continue to monitor and address risks related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Certain tenants experiencing economic difficulties during the pandemic have previously sought rent relief, which had been provided on a case-by-case basis primarily in the form of rent deferrals and, in more limited cases, in the form of rent abatements. SinceApril 2020 , we have entered into lease modifications that deferred approximately$0.6 million and waived approximately$0.3 million of contractual revenue for rent that pertained toApril 2020 throughDecember 2021 ; we had no lease modification related to COVID-19 during 2022. Less than$0.1 million of the total deferred rent from all lease modifications sinceApril 2020 remained outstanding as ofDecember 31, 2022 .
How We Derive Our Revenue
We derive a substantial majority of our revenue from rents received from our tenants at each of our properties. Our leases are generally triple net, pursuant to which the tenant is responsible for property expenses, including real estate taxes, insurance and maintenance, or modified gross, pursuant to which the tenant generally reimburses us for its proportional share of expenses. As ofDecember 31, 2022 , our portfolio (i) had annualized base rent of$25.2 million , (ii) had an annualized base rent per square foot of$13.76 , (iii) was 90.4% leased (84.0% occupied) to a diversified group of tenants and (iv) had no tenant accounting for more than 4.0% of the total annualized base rent. With the acquisition ofMidtown Row , a mixed-use property, our income is also derived from student housing, which is leased by the bed on an individual lease liability basis. Individual lease liability limits each resident's liability to his or her own rent without the liability of a roommate's rent. A parent or guardian is generally required to execute each lease as a guarantor unless the resident provides adequate proof of income or financial aid. These leases typically correspond to the university's academic year.Midtown Row is comprised of 240 student housing units with 620 beds, and as ofDecember 31, 2022 , it was 100% leased.
We also operate a third-party property management and brokerage business unit. Our brokerage business primarily consists of representations of commercial tenants for their office and retail real estate needs, either for lease transactions or purchase and sale transactions.
Factors that May Impact Future Results of Operations
Rental Income
Growth in rental income will depend on our ability to acquire additional properties that meet our investment criteria and on filling vacancies and increasing rents on the properties in our portfolio. The amount of rental income generated by the properties in our portfolio depends on our ability to renew expiring leases or re-lease space upon the scheduled or unscheduled termination of leases, lease currently available space and maintain or increase rental rates at our properties. Our rental income in future periods could be adversely affected by local, regional or national economic conditions, an oversupply of or a reduction in demand for retail space, changes in market rental rates, our ability to provide adequate services and maintenance at our properties, and fluctuations in interest rates. In addition, economic downturns affecting our markets or downturns in our tenants' businesses that impair our ability to renew or re-lease space and the ability of our tenants to fulfill their lease commitments to us could adversely affect our ability to maintain or increase rent and occupancy. Scheduled Lease Expirations Our ability to re-lease expiring space at rental rates equal to or greater than that of current rental rates will impact our results of operations. Our properties are marketed to smaller tenants that generally desire shorter-term leases. As ofDecember 31, 2022 , approximately 42.0% of our retail portfolio (based on leased GLA) was leased to tenants occupying less than 10,000 square feet. In addition, as ofDecember 31, 2022 , approximately 9.6% of our GLA was vacant and approximately 10.2% of our leases (based on total GLA) were month-to-month or scheduled to expire on or beforeDecember 31, 2023 . See "Item 1 Business-Our Portfolio-Lease Expirations." Although we maintain ongoing dialogue with our tenants, we generally raise the issue of renewal at least 12 months prior to lease renewal often providing concessions for early renewal. If our current tenants do not renew their leases or terminate their leases early, we may be unable to re-lease the space to new tenants on favorable terms or at all. Our vacancy trends will be impacted by new properties that we acquire, which may include properties with higher vacancy where we identified opportunities to increase occupancy.
Acquisitions
Over the long-term, we intend to grow our portfolio through the acquisition of additional strategically positioned properties in established and developing neighborhoods primarily leased to necessity-based tenants that meet the needs of the surrounding communities in our existing markets, as well as acquiring properties in new markets that meet our investment criteria, including theSoutheastern United States . We have established relationships with a wide variety of market participants, including tenants, leasing agents, investment sales brokers, property owners and lenders, in our target markets and beyond and, over the long-term, we believe that we will have opportunities to acquire properties that meet our investment criteria at attractive prices.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses include employee compensation costs, professional fees, consulting and other general administrative expenses. We expect an increase in general and administrative expenses in the future related to stock issuances to
40 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- employees. We expect that our general and administrative expenses will rise in some measure as our portfolio grows but that such expenses as a percentage of our revenue will decrease over time due to efficiencies and economies of scale.
Capital Expenditures
We incur capital expenditures at our properties that vary in amount and frequency based on each property's specific needs. We expect our capital expenditures will be for recurring maintenance to ensure our properties are in good working condition, including parking and roof repairs, façade maintenance and general upkeep. We also will incur capital expenditures related to repositioning and refurbishing properties where we have identified opportunities to improve our properties to increase occupancy, and we may incur capital expenditures related to redevelopment or development consistent with our business and growth strategies.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") inthe United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management considers accounting estimates or assumptions critical in either of the following cases:
•
the nature of the estimates or assumptions is material because of the levels of subjectivity and judgment needed to account for matters that are highly uncertain and susceptible to change; and
•
the effect of the estimates and assumptions is material to the financial statements.
Management believes the current assumptions used to make estimates in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements are appropriate and not likely to change in the future. However, actual experience could differ from the assumptions used to make estimates, resulting in changes that could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial position and/or liquidity. These estimates will be made and evaluated on an ongoing basis using information that is available as well as various other assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Management has discussed the determination and disclosures of these critical accounting policies with the audit committee of the board of directors. The following presents information about our critical accounting policies including the material assumptions used to develop significant estimates. Certain of these critical accounting policies contain discussion of judgments and estimates that have not yet been required by management but that it believes may be reasonably required of it to make in the future. See Note 2 "Accounting Policies and Related Matters" to the consolidated financial statements for additional information on significant accounting policies and the effect of recent accounting pronouncements.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of our wholly owned subsidiaries, and all material intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation. We consolidate entities in which we own less than 100% of the equity interest but have a controlling interest through a variable interest, voting rights or other means. For these entities, we record a noncontrolling interest representing the equity held by other parties. From inception, we continually evaluate all of our transactions and investments to determine if they represent variable interests subject to the variable interest entity ("VIE") consolidation model and then determine which business enterprise is the primary beneficiary of its operations. We make judgments about which entities are VIEs based on an assessment of whether (i) the equity investors as a group, if any, do not have a controlling financial interest or (ii) the equity investment at risk is insufficient to finance that entity's activities without additional subordinated financial support. We consolidate investments in VIEs when we are determined to be the primary beneficiary. This evaluation is based on our ability to direct and influence the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact that entity's economic performance. For investments not subject to the variable interest entity consolidation model, we will evaluate the type of rights held by the limited partner(s) or other member(s), which may preclude consolidation in circumstances in which the sole general partner or managing member would otherwise consolidate the limited partnership. The assessment of limited partners' or members' rights and their impact on the presumption of control over a limited partnership or limited liability corporation by the sole general partner or managing member should be made when an investor becomes the sole general partner or managing member and should be reassessed if (i) there is a change to the terms or in the exercisability of the rights of the limited partners or members, (ii) the sole general partner or member increases or decreases its ownership in the limited partnership or corporation or (iii) there is an increase or decrease in the number of outstanding limited partnership or membership interests. Our ability to assess correctly our influence or control over an entity at inception of our involvement or on a continuous basis when determining the primary beneficiary of a VIE affects the presentation of these entities in our consolidated financial statements. Subsequent evaluations of the primary beneficiary of a VIE may require the use of different assumptions that could lead to identification of a different primary beneficiary, resulting in a different consolidation conclusion than what was determined at inception of the arrangement. 41 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Revenue Recognition
Leases ofReal Estate Properties : At the inception of a new lease arrangement, including new leases that arise from amendments, we assess the terms and conditions to determine the proper lease classification. Currently, all of our lease arrangements are classified as operating leases. Rental revenue for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term when collectability is reasonably assured and the tenant has taken possession or controls the physical use of a leased asset. If we determine that substantially all future lease payments are not probable of collection, we will account for these leases on a cash basis. If the lease provides for tenant improvements, we determine whether the tenant improvements, for accounting purposes, are owned by the tenant or by us. When we are the owner of the tenant improvements, the tenant is not considered to have taken physical possession or have control of the physical leased asset until the tenant improvements are substantially completed. When the tenant is the owner of the tenant improvements, any tenant improvement allowance funded is treated as a lease incentive and amortized as a reduction of revenue over the lease term. The determination of ownership of the tenant improvements is subject to significant judgment. If our assessment of the owner of the tenant improvements for accounting purposes were different, the timing and amount of revenue recognized would be impacted. A majority of our leases require tenants to make estimated payments to the Company to cover their proportional share of operating expenses, including, but not limited to, real estate taxes, property insurance, routine maintenance and repairs, utilities and property management expenses. We collect these estimated expenses and are reimbursed by tenants for any actual expense in excess of estimates or reimburse tenants if collected estimates exceed actual operating results. The reimbursements are recorded in rental income, and the expenses are recorded in property operating expenses, as we are generally the primary obligor with respect to purchasing goods and services from third-party suppliers, have discretion in selecting the supplier and bear the credit risk. We assess the probability of collecting substantially all payments under our leases based on several factors, including, among other things, payment history of the lessee, the financial strength of the lessee and any guarantors, historical operations and operating trends and current and future economic conditions and expectations of performance. If our evaluation of these factors indicates it is probable that we will be unable to collect substantially all rents, we recognize a charge to rental income and limit our rental income to the lesser of lease income on a straight-line basis plus variable rents when they become accruable or cash collected. If we change our conclusion regarding the probability of collecting rent payments required by a lessee, we may recognize an adjustment to rental income in the period we make a change to our prior conclusion. Contractual rent increases of renewal options are often fixed at the time of the initial lease agreement which may result in tenants being able to exercise their renewal options at amounts that are less than the fair value of the rent at the date of the renewal. In addition to fixed base rents, certain rental income derived from our tenant leases is variable and may be dependent on percentage rent. Variable lease payments from percentage rents are earned by us in the event the tenant's gross sales exceed certain amounts. Terms of percentage rent are agreed upon in the tenant's lease and will vary based on the tenant's sales. Leasing Commissions: We earn leasing commissions as a result of providing strategic advice and connecting tenants to property owners in the leasing of retail space. We record commission revenue on real estate leases at the point in time when the performance obligation is satisfied, which is generally upon lease execution. Terms and conditions of a commission agreement may include, but are not limited to, execution of a signed lease agreement and future contingencies, including tenant's occupancy, payment of a deposit or payment of first month's rent (or a combination thereof). Property and Asset Management Fees: We provide real estate management services for owners of properties, representing a series of daily performance obligations delivered over time. Pricing is generally in the form of a monthly management fee based upon a percentage of property-level cash receipts or some other variable metric. When accounting for reimbursements of third-party expenses incurred on a client's behalf, we determine whether we are acting as a principal or an agent in the arrangement. When we are acting as a principal, our revenue is reported on a gross basis and comprises the entire amount billed to the client and reported cost of services includes all expenses associated with the client. When we are acting as an agent, our fee is reported on a net basis as revenue for reimbursed amounts is netted against the related expenses. Engineering Services: We provide engineering services to property owners on an as needed basis at the properties where we are the property or asset manager. We receive consideration at agreed upon fixed rates for the time incurred plus a reimbursement for costs incurred and revenue is recognized over time because the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of the services as they are performed. We account for performance obligations using the right to invoice practical expedient. We apply the right to invoice practical expedient to record revenue as the services are provided, given the nature of the services provided and the frequency of billing under the customer contract. Under this practical expedient, we recognize revenue in an amount that corresponds directly with the value to the customer of performance completed to date and for which there is a right to invoice the customer.
Real Estate Investments
We evaluate each purchase transaction to determine whether the acquired assets and liabilities assumed meet the definition of a business and make estimates as part of our allocation of the purchase prices. For acquisitions accounted for as asset acquisitions, the purchase price, including transaction costs, is allocated to the various components of the acquisition based upon the relative fair value of each component. For acquisitions accounted for as business combinations, the purchase price is allocated at fair value of each component and transaction costs are expensed as incurred. 42 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We assess the fair value of acquired assets and acquired liabilities in accordance with the ASC Topic 805 Business Combinations and allocate the purchase price based on these assessments. We assess fair value based on estimated cash flow projections that utilize appropriate discount and capitalization rates and available market information. Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors including the historical operating results, known trends, and market and economic conditions that may affect the property. The most significant components of our allocations are typically the allocation of fair value to land and buildings and in-place leases and other intangible assets. The estimates of the fair value of buildings will affect the amount of depreciation and amortization we record over the estimated useful life of the property acquired. For any value assigned to in-place leases and other intangibles, including the assessment as to the existence of any above-or below-market leases, management makes its best estimates based on the evaluation of the specific characteristics of each tenant's lease. Factors considered include estimates of carrying costs during hypothetical expected lease-up periods, market conditions and costs to execute similar leases. These assumptions affect the amount of future revenue that we will recognize over the remaining lease term for the acquired in-place leases. The values of any identified above-or below-market leases are based on the present value of the difference between (i) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to the in-place leases and (ii) management's estimate of fair market lease rates for the corresponding in-place leases, measured over a period equal to the remaining non-cancelable term of the lease, or for below-market leases including any bargain renewal option terms. Above-market lease values are recorded as a reduction of rental income over the lease term while below-market lease values are recorded as an increase to rental income over the lease term. The recorded values of in-place lease intangibles are recognized in amortization expense over the initial term of the respective leases. Transaction costs related to asset acquisitions are included in the cost basis of the acquired assets, while transaction costs related to acquisitions that are deemed business combinations are expensed as incurred.
Asset Impairment
Real estate asset impairment losses are recorded when events or changes in circumstances indicate the asset is impaired and the estimated undiscounted cash flows to be generated by the asset are less than its carrying amount. Management assesses if there are triggering events including macroeconomic conditions, loss of an anchor tenant and the ability to re-tenant the space, significant and persistent delinquencies, unanticipated decreases in or sustained reductions of net operating income and government-mandated compliance with an adverse effect to the Company's cost basis or operating costs. If management concludes there are triggering events, we then assess the impairment of properties individually. Management analyzes recoverability based on the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated from the operations and eventual disposition of the property. If the analysis indicates that the carrying value of a property is not recoverable from its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized. Impairment losses are calculated as the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of assets to be held and used, and carrying amount over the fair value less cost to sell in instances where management has determined that we will dispose of the property. In determining fair value, we use current appraisals or other third-party opinions of value and other estimates of fair value such as estimated discounted future cash flows. The determination of future cash flows requires significant estimates by management. In management's estimate of cash flows, it considers factors such as expected future sale of an asset, capitalization rates, holding periods and the undiscounted future cash flow analysis. Subsequent changes in estimated cash flows could affect the determination of whether an impairment exists.
Income Taxes
We account for deferred income taxes using the asset and liability method and recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in our financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, we determine deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Any increase or decrease in the deferred tax liability that results from a change in circumstances, and that causes us to change our judgment about expected future tax consequences of events, is included in the tax provision when such changes occur. Deferred income taxes also reflect the impact of operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. A valuation allowance is provided if we believe it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. Any increase or decrease in the valuation allowance that results from a change in circumstances, and that causes us to change our judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset, is included in the tax provision when such changes occur. We recognize a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities. The determination is based on the technical merits of the position and presumes that each uncertain tax position will be examined by the relevant taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The estimate of our tax liabilities relating to uncertain tax positions requires management to assess uncertainties and to make judgments about the application of complex tax laws and regulations. We recognize interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions as part of income tax expense.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
See Note 2 "Accounting Policies and Related Matters" in the notes to the consolidated financial statements for information concerning recently issued accounting standards.
43 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Results of Operations
This section provides a comparative discussion on our results of operations and should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, including the accompanying notes. See "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates" for more information concerning the most significant accounting policies and estimates applied in determining our results of operations.
Comparison of the year endedDecember 31, 2022 to the year endedDecember 31, 2021 For the year ended December 31, Change (dollars in thousands) 2022 2021 $ % Revenues Rental income$ 29,871 $ 21,408 $ 8,463 40 % Commissions 2,523 2,836 (313 ) (11 %) Management and other income 557 1,105 (548 ) (50 %) Total revenues 32,951 25,349 7,602 30 % Expenses Cost of services 1,917 1,824 93 5 % Depreciation and amortization 17,436 12,501 4,935 39 % Property operating 8,672 5,694 2,978 52 % Bad debt expense 235 34 201 591 % General and administrative 13,513 11,360 2,153 19 % Total operating expenses 41,773 31,413 10,360 33 % Operating loss (8,822 ) (6,064 ) (2,758 ) 45 % Other income (expense) Net interest and other income (expense) 26 (33 ) 59 (179 %) Derivative fair value adjustment 2,638 353 2,285 (647 %) Net loss on fair value change on debt held under the fair value option (3,151 ) - (3,151 ) N/A Interest expense (12,710 ) (9,961 ) (2,749 ) 28 % (Loss) gain on extinguishment of debt (59 ) 1,528 (1,587 ) (104 %) Other expense (52 ) (100 ) 48 (48 %) Total other expense (13,308 ) (8,213 ) (5,095 ) 62 % Income tax benefit 5,857 3,533 2,324 66 % Net loss$ (16,273 ) $ (10,744 ) $ (5,529 ) 51 % Less: Preferred equity return on Fortress preferred equity (1,492 ) - (1,492 ) N/A Less: Preferred OP units return (48 ) - (48 ) N/A Plus: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest 2,522 1,236 1,286 104 % Net loss attributable to common stockholders$ (15,291 ) $ (9,508 )
Revenues for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 increased approximately$7.6 million , or 30%, compared to the year endedDecember 31, 2021 , as a result of an approximately$8.5 million increase in rental income that was partially offset by an approximately$0.5 million decrease in management and other income and$0.3 million decrease in commissions. Rental income increased as a result of the impact of a full year of results from the acquisition of three properties in the second quarter and one property in the fourth quarter of 2021 and the acquisition of two properties in the fourth quarter of 2022. The decrease in management and other fees is mainly attributable to approximately$0.3 million of fees recognized in 2021 related to the properties acquired by the Company during 2021 and 2022. The decrease in commissions is mainly attributable to a lower transaction volume of leasing. Total operating expenses for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 increased approximately$10.4 million , or 33%, compared to the year endedDecember 31, 2021 , primarily from: (i) an increase in depreciation and amortization expense of approximately$4.9 million which is primarily related to six properties that were acquired during 2022 and 2021 (which comprise$5.3 million of the total increase in depreciation and amortization expense, partially offset by a$0.5 million decrease in amortization of in-place lease tangibles); (ii) an increase in property operating expenses of$3.0 million which is primarily related to the six properties acquired in 2022 and 2021 and (iii) an increase in general and administrative expenses of approximately$2.2 million mainly attributable to an increase in stock compensation expense of approximately$1.3 million , an increase in professional service fees of approximately$0.4 million , an increase in payroll and related expenses of approximately$0.2 million and an increase in board of director fees of approximately$0.2 million . The gain on derivative fair value adjustment was approximately$2.6 million for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 compared to$0.4 million for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 . The increase of approximately$2.3 million was primarily due to a$3.1 million change in fair value of the interest rate swaps the Company entered into onJuly 1, 2021 andDecember 27, 2019 , partially offset by a$0.8 million change in fair value of the embedded derivative liability relating to thePreferred Equity Investment . 44 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net loss on fair value change on debt held under the fair value option reflects the change in fair value of the Fortress Mezzanine Loan for which we elected the fair value option. Interest expense for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 increased approximately$2.7 million , or 28%, compared to the year endedDecember 31, 2021 , primarily due to debt that was assumed or originated in connection with six properties that were acquired during 2022 and 2021 and additional net borrowings of approximately$71.6 million during 2022. The gain on extinguishment of debt of approximately$1.5 million for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 is related to the forgiveness of unsecured loans totaling approximately$1.5 million granted pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program (the "PPP Program"), which was established under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act.
Income tax benefit increased approximately
Preferred equity return on Fortress preferred equity reflects the portion of the distribution to the Fortress Member that is payable in cash and the portion that is accrued and added to thePreferred Equity Investment . Preferred OP units return reflects the portion of the distribution to holders of the Preferred OP units that are payable in cash and the portion that are accrued and added to the liquidation preference of the Preferred OP units. Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 increased approximately$1.3 million compared to the year endedDecember 31, 2021 . The net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest reflects the proportionate share of the OP units held by outside investors in the operating results of theOperating Partnership from the completion of the Mergers and the acquisition ofMidtown Row . Non-GAAP Performance Measures We present the non-GAAP performance measures set forth below. These measures should not be considered as an alternative to, or more meaningful than, net income (calculated in accordance with GAAP) or other GAAP financial measures, as an indicator of financial performance and are not alternatives to, or more meaningful than, cash flow from operating activities (calculated in accordance with GAAP) as a measure of liquidity. Non-GAAP performance measures have limitations as they do not include all items of income and expense that affect operations, and accordingly, should always be considered as supplemental financial results to those calculated in accordance with GAAP. Our computation of these non-GAAP performance measures may differ in certain respects from the methodology utilized by other real estate companies and, therefore, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures presented by other real estate companies. Investors are cautioned that items excluded from these non-GAAP performance measures are relevant to understanding and addressing financial performance.
Funds From Operations and Adjusted Funds from Operations
Funds from operations ("FFO") is a supplemental non-GAAP financial measure of real estate companies' operating performance.The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts ("Nareit") defines FFO as follows: net income (loss), computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding (i) depreciation and amortization related to real estate, (ii) gains and losses from the sale of certain real estate assets, (iii) gains and losses from change in control, (iv) impairment write-downs of certain real estate assets and investments in entities when the impairment is directly attributable to decreases in the value of depreciable real estate held by the entity and (v) after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures calculated to reflect FFO on the same basis. Historical cost accounting for real estate assets in accordance with GAAP implicitly assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Since real estate values instead have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, many industry investors and analysts have considered the presentation of operating results for real estate companies that use historical cost accounting to be insufficient by themselves. Considering the nature of our business as a real estate owner and operator, we believe that FFO is useful to investors in measuring our operating and financial performance because the definition excludes items included in net income that do not relate to or are not indicative of our operating and financial performance, such as depreciation and amortization related to real estate, and items which can make periodic and peer analysis of operating and financial performance more difficult, such as gains and losses from the sale of certain real estate assets and impairment write-downs of certain real estate assets. Specifically, in excluding real estate related depreciation and amortization and gains and losses from sales of depreciable operating properties, which do not relate to or are not indicative of operating performance, FFO provides a performance measure that, when compared year over year, captures trends in occupancy rates, rental rates and operating costs. However, because FFO excludes depreciation and amortization and captures neither the changes in the value of our properties that result from use or market conditions nor the level of capital expenditures and leasing commissions necessary to maintain the operating performance of our properties, all of which have real economic effects and could materially impact our results from operations, the utility of FFO as a measure of our performance is limited. Accordingly, FFO should be considered only as a supplement to net income as a measure of our performance. FFO should not be used as a measure of our liquidity, nor is it indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to pay dividends or service indebtedness. Also, FFO should not be used as a supplement to or substitute for cash flow from operating activities computed in accordance with GAAP. 45 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Adjusted FFO ("AFFO") is calculated by excluding the effect of certain items that do not reflect ongoing property operations, including stock-based compensation expense, deferred financing and debt issuance cost amortization, non-real estate depreciation and amortization, straight-line rent, non-cash interest expense and other non-comparable or non-operating items. Management considers AFFO a useful supplemental performance metric for investors as it is more indicative of the Company's operational performance than FFO. AFFO is not intended to represent cash flow or liquidity for the period and is only intended to provide an additional measure of our operating performance. We believe that Net income/(loss) is the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure to AFFO. Management believes that AFFO is a widely recognized measure of the operations of real estate companies, and presenting AFFO enables investors to assess our performance in comparison to other real estate companies. AFFO should not be considered as an alternative to net income/(loss) (determined in accordance with GAAP) as an indication of financial performance, or as an alternative to cash flow from operating activities (determined in accordance with GAAP) as a measure of our liquidity, nor is it indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to make distributions.
Our reconciliation of net income (loss) to FFO and AFFO for the years ended
For the Year Ended December 31, (dollars in thousands) 2022 2021 Net loss$ (16,273 ) $ (10,744 ) Real estate depreciation and amortization 17,259
12,462
Amortization of direct leasing costs 44 8 FFO attributable to common shares and OP units 1,030
1,726
Stock-based compensation expense 1,937
643
Deferred financing and debt issuance cost amortization 1,512
1,302
Intangibles amortization (387 ) (448 ) Non-real estate depreciation and amortization 131 19 Non-cash interest expense 253 - Recurring capital expenditures (981 ) (280 ) Straight-line rent revenue (945 ) (512 ) Minimum return on preferred interests (1,112 ) (335 ) Non cash fair value adjustment 513 (353 ) AFFO attributable to common shares and OP units $ 1,951 $
1,762
Weighted average shares outstanding to common shares Diluted 32,378,526
26,928,510
Net loss attributable to common stockholders per share Diluted (1) $ (0.47 ) $
(0.35 )
Weighted average shares outstanding to common shares and OP units Diluted 35,412,984
29,747,324
FFO per common share and OP unit Diluted (2) $ 0.03 $ 0.06 (1) The weighted average common shares outstanding used to compute net loss per diluted common share only includes the common shares. We have excluded the OP units since the conversion of OP units is anti-dilutive in the computation of diluted EPS for the periods presented. (2) The weighted average common shares outstanding used to compute FFO per diluted common share includes OP units that were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS. Conversion of these OP units is dilutive in the computation of FFO per diluted common share but is anti-dilutive for the computation of diluted EPS for the periods presented.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
Liquidity is a measure of our ability to meet potential cash requirements, including ongoing commitments to repay any outstanding borrowings, fund and maintain our assets and operations and other general business needs.
Our short-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of debt service requirements, operating expenses, recurring capital expenditures (such as repairs and maintenance of our properties), non-recurring capital expenditures (such as capital improvements and tenant improvements) and distributions on our Preferred OP units. Except as noted below, we expect to meet our short-term liquidity 46 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- requirements through cash on hand and cash reserves and additional secured and unsecured debt. As ofDecember 31, 2022 andApril 6, 2023 , we had unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of approximately$12.4 million and$7.8 million , respectively, available for current liquidity needs and restricted cash of approximately$4.7 million and$5.6 million , respectively, which is available for debt service shortfall requirements, certain capital expenditures, real estate taxes and insurance. We have three mortgage loans on three properties (Highlandtown Shopping Center ,Vista Shops atGolden Mile and Spotswood Valley Square Shopping Center ) totaling approximately$28.6 million that mature within the next twelve months. We project that we will not have sufficient cash available to pay off the mortgage loans upon maturity, and we are currently seeking to refinance the loans prior to maturity inMay 2023 ,June 2023 andJuly 2023 . There can be no assurances that we will be successful on the refinance of the mortgage loans on favorable terms or at all. If we are unable to refinance the mortgage loans, the lenders have the right to place the loans in default and ultimately foreclose on the properties. Under this circumstance, we would not have any further financial obligation to the lenders as the value of these properties are in excess of the outstanding loan balances. The Lamont Street Preferred Interest has an outstanding balance of$4.2 million as ofDecember 31, 2022 and must be redeemed on or beforeSeptember 30, 2023 . The Lamont Street Redemption Date can be extended by us toSeptember 30, 2024 andSeptember 30, 2025 , in each case subject to certain conditions and approval byLamont Street . There can be no assurance that we will be successful in exercising these extension options or refinancing the Lamont Street Preferred Interest prior to the Lamont Street Redemption Date. If we are unable to extend or refinance the Lamont Street Preferred Interest prior to the redemption date,Lamont Street may remove theOperating Partnership as the manager of BSV Highlandtown and BSV Spotswood. In addition, the Basis Term Loan has an outstanding balance of approximately$66.9 million and matures onJanuary 1, 2024 , subject to the remaining one-year extension option that is subject to certain conditions and approval by the lender. Management is in discussions with other lenders to refinance the Basis Term Loan, which management believes will be available on acceptable terms based on discussions with lenders and the loan-to-value ratios of the properties securing the Basis Term Loan. There can be no assurances, however, that we will be successful in exercising the extension option or refinancing the Basis Term Loan prior to its maturity. If we are unable to extend or refinance the Basis Term Loan prior to maturity, the lender will have the right to place the loan in default and ultimately foreclose on the six properties securing the loan. If we fail to refinance the Basis Term Loan and the mortgage loans secured byHighlandtown Shopping Center andSpotswood Valley Square Shopping Center , redeem the Lamont Street Preferred Interest and contribute the applicable properties by the applicable outside dates (as described below), it would be considered a Trigger Event under the Eagles Sub-OP Operating Agreement. See "-Fortress Preferred Equity Investment " below. Although management believes that we will be able to extend or refinance our debt prior to maturity, including the Basis Term Loan and theLamont Street Preferred Interest, this is not within our sole control and it is possible that we may be unable to extend or refinance such debt, which creates substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for a period of one year after the date that the financial statements included in this report are issued, and our independent registered public accounting firm has included an explanatory paragraph regarding our ability to continue as a going concern in its report on our financial statements included in this report. The financial statements included in this report have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern and do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Our long-term liquidity requirements are expected to consist primarily of funds necessary for the repayment of debt at or prior to maturity, capital improvements, development and/or redevelopment of properties and property acquisitions. We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements through net cash from operations, additional secured and unsecured debt and, subject to market conditions, the issuance of additional shares of common stock, preferred stock or OP units. Our access to capital depends upon a number of factors over which we have little or no control, including general market conditions, the market's perception of our current and potential future earnings and cash distributions, our current debt levels and the market price of the shares of our common stock. Although our common stock is quoted on the OTCQX, there is a very limited trading market for our common stock, and if a more active trading market is not developed and sustained, we will be limited in our ability to issue equity to fund our capital needs. If we cannot obtain capital from third-party sources, we may not be able to meet the capital and operating needs of our properties, satisfy our debt service obligations or pay dividends to our stockholders. Until we have greater access to capital, we will likely structure future acquisitions through joint ventures or other syndicated structures in which outside investors will contribute a majority of the capital and we will manage the assets. As described below, under our existing debt agreements, we are subject to continuing covenants. As ofDecember 31, 2022 , we were in compliance with all of the covenants under our debt agreements. In the event of a default, the lenders could accelerate the timing of payments under the applicable debt obligations and we may be required to repay such debt with capital from other sources, which may not be available on attractive terms, or at all, which would have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, financial condition and results of operations. 47 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Consolidated Indebtedness and Preferred Equity
Indebtedness Summary
The following table sets forth certain information regarding our outstanding
indebtedness as of
Balance Outstanding at Maturity Interest December 31, (dollars in thousands) Date Rate Type Rate (1) 2022 Basis Term Loan (net of January 1, discount of$79 ) 2024 Floating (2) 6.125% (3) $ 67,086 Hollinswood Shopping Center December 1, Loan 2024 LIBOR + 2.25% (4) 4.06% 12,760 June 1, Avondale Shops Loan 2025 Fixed 4.00% 2,985 Vista Shops at Golden Mile Loan June 24, (net of discount of$12 ) 2023 Fixed 3.83% 11,478 Brookhill Azalea Shopping January 31, Center Loan 2025 LIBOR + 2.75% 7.14% 8,762 Lamar Station Plaza West Loan December (net of discount of$95 ) 10, 2027 Fixed 5.67% 18,317 Lamont Street Preferred Interest (net of discount of September$29 ) (5) 30, 2023 Fixed 13.50% 4,241 Highlandtown Village Shopping Center Loan (net of discount of$14 ) May 6, 2023 Fixed 4.13% 5,241 December Cromwell Field Shopping Center 22, 2027 Loan (net of discount of$77 ) (6) Fixed (7) 6.71% 10,113 Midtown Row Loan (net of December 1, discount of$25 ) 2027 Fixed 6.48% 75,975 December 1, Midtown Row Mezzanine Loan 2027 Fixed 12.00% 17,895 (8)Spotswood Valley Square Shopping Center Loan (net of July 6, discount of$31 ) 2023 Fixed 4.82% 11,849 The Shops at Greenwood Village October 10, Loan (net of discount of$94 ) 2028 Prime - 0.35% (9) 4.08% 22,772 269,474 Unamortized deferred financing costs, net (1,858 ) Total$ 267,616 _____________________ (1)
At
(2)
The interest rate for the Basis Term Loan is the greater of (i) SOFR plus 3.97% per annum and (ii) 6.125% per annum. OnAugust 1, 2022 , the interest rate cap that capped the prior-LIBOR rate was modified to cap the SOFR rate on this loan at 3.5%. This interest rate cap matured onJanuary 1, 2023 . OnNovember 23, 2022 , we entered into an interest rate cap agreement, effectiveJanuary 1, 2023 , to cap the SOFR interest rate at 4.65%.
(3)
The outstanding balance includes
(4)
The Company has entered into an interest rate swap which fixes the interest rate of the loan at 4.06%.
(5)
The outstanding balance includes approximately$0.3 million of indebtedness as ofDecember 31, 2022 , related to the Lamont Street Minimum Multiple Amount (as defined below) owed toLamont Street as described below under the heading "-Lamont Street Preferred Interest."
(6)
OnNovember 9, 2022 , the Company entered into a modification to theCromwell Field Shopping Center mortgage loan to extend the maturity date toDecember 31, 2022 . InDecember 2022 , the Company refinanced theCromwell Field Shopping Center mortgage.
(7)
Prior to the refinancing of theCromwell Field Shopping Center mortgage loan inDecember 2022 , the interest rate on the loan was LIBOR plus 5.40% per annum with a minimum LIBOR rate of 0.50%.
(8)
The outstanding balance reflects the fair value of the debt.
(9)
The Company entered into an interest rate swap which fixes the interest rate of the loan at 4.082%.
48 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The following table sets forth our scheduled principal repayments and maturities
during each of the next five years and thereafter as of
(dollars in thousands)
Amount Percentage Year (1) Due of Total 2023$ 34,318 12.8 % 2024 81,129 30.4 % 2025 11,910 4.4 % 2026 2,063 0.8 % 2027 117,960 44.2 % Thereafter 19,772 7.4 %$ 267,152 100.0 %
_____________________
(1)
Does not reflect the exercise of any maturity extension options.
Basis Term Loan
InDecember 2019 , six of our subsidiaries, as borrowers (collectively, the "Borrowers"), andBig Real Estate Finance I, LLC , a subsidiary of a real estate fund managed byBasis Management Group, LLC ("Basis"), as lender (the "Basis Lender"), entered into a loan agreement (the "Basis Loan Agreement") pursuant to which the Basis Lender made a senior secured term loan of up to$66.9 million (the "Basis Term Loan") to the Borrowers. Pursuant to the Basis Loan Agreement, the Basis Term Loan is secured by mortgages on the following properties:Coral Hills , Crestview, Dekalb, Midtown Colonial, Midtown Lamonticello and West Broad. The Basis Term Loan initial maturity wasJanuary 1, 2023 , subject to two one-year extension options, subject to certain conditions. The Company exercised one of the one-year extension options and the maturity date was extended toJanuary 1, 2024 . OnJune 29, 2022 , the Basis Loan Agreement was amended and restated to replace LIBOR with SOFR. The Basis Term Loan bears interest at a rate equal to the greater of (i) SOFR plus 3.97% per annum and (ii) 6.125% per annum. The Borrowers had entered into an interest rate cap that effectively capped the prior-LIBOR rate at 3.50% per annum. OnAugust 1, 2022 , the interest rate cap was modified to cap the SOFR rate at 3.50%. The interest rate cap matured onJanuary 1, 2023 . OnNovember 23, 2022 , we entered into an interest rate cap agreement, effectiveJanuary 1, 2023 , to cap the SOFR interest rate at 4.65%. As ofDecember 31, 2022 , the interest rate of the Basis Term Loan was 6.125% and the outstanding balance was$66.9 million . Certain of the Borrowers' obligations under the Basis Loan Agreement are guaranteed by the Company and byMichael Z. Jacoby , the Company's chairman and chief executive officer, andThomas M. Yockey , a director of the Company. The Company has agreed to indemnifyMr. Yockey for any losses he incurs as a result of his guarantee of the Basis Term Loan. The Basis Loan Agreement contains certain customary representations and warranties and affirmative negative and restrictive covenants, including certain property related covenants for the properties securing the Basis Term Loan, including a requirement that certain capital improvements be made. The Basis Lender has certain approval rights over amendments or renewals of material leases (as defined in the Basis Loan Agreement) and property management agreements for the properties securing the Basis Term Loan. If (i) an event of default exists, (ii) the Company's subsidiary serving as the property manager ("BSR") or any other subsidiary of the Company serving as property manager for one of the secured parties becomes bankrupt, insolvent or a debtor in an insolvency proceeding, or there is a change of control of BSR or such other subsidiary without approval by the Basis Lender, (iii) a default occurs under the applicable management agreement, or (iv) the property manager has engaged in fraud, willful misconduct, misappropriation of funds or is grossly negligent with regard to the applicable property, the Basis Lender may require a Borrower to replace BSR or such other subsidiary of the Company as the property manager and hire a third party manager approved by the Basis Lender to manage the applicable property. The Borrowers are generally prohibited from selling the properties securing the Basis Term Loan and the Company is prohibited from transferring any interest in any of the Borrowers, in each case without consent from the Basis Lender. The Company is prohibited from engaging in transactions that would result in a Change in Control (as defined in the Basis Loan Agreement) of the Company. Under the Basis Loan Agreement, among other things, it is deemed a Change in Control ifMichael Z. Jacoby ceases to be the chairman and chief executive officer of the Company and actively involved in the daily activities and operations of the Company and the Borrowers and a competent and experienced person is not approved by the Basis Lender to replaceMr. Jacoby within 90 days of him ceasing to serve in such roles. The Basis Loan Agreement provides for standard events of default, including nonpayment of principal and other amounts when due, non-performance of covenants, breach of representations and warranties, certain bankruptcy or insolvency events and changes in control. If an event of default occurs and is continuing under the Basis Loan Agreement, the Basis Lender may, among other things, require the immediate payment of all amounts owed thereunder. In addition, if there is a default byMr. Jacoby under a certain personal loan as long as he has pledged OP units as collateral for such loan, and such default has not been waived or cured, then the Basis Lender will have the right to sweep the Borrowers' cash account 49 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- in which they collect and retain rental payments from the properties securing the Basis Term Loan on a daily basis in order for the Basis Lender to create a cash reserve that will serve as collateral for the Basis Term Loan. The Basis Loan Agreement includes a debt service coverage calculation based on the trailing twelve month's results which includes an adjustment for tenants that are more than one-month delinquent in paying rent. A debt service coverage ratio below 1.10x is a Cash Trap Trigger Event (as defined in the Basis Loan Agreement), which gives the Basis Lender the right to institute a cash management period until the trigger is cured. A debt service coverage ratio below 1.05x for two consecutive calendar quarters gives the Basis Lender the right to remove the Company as manager of the properties. The debt service coverage calculation for the twelve months endedDecember 31, 2022 , was approximately 1.44x.
Basis Preferred Interest
InDecember 2019 , theOperating Partnership andBig BSP Investments, LLC , a subsidiary of a real estate fund managed by Basis (the "Preferred Investor"), entered into an amended and restated operating agreement (the "Sub-OP Operating Agreement") ofBroad Street BIG First OP, LLC a subsidiary of theOperating Partnership (the "Sub-OP"). Pursuant to the Sub-OP Operating Agreement, among other things, the Preferred Investor committed to make an investment of up to$10.7 million in the Sub-OP, of which$6.9 million had been funded, in exchange for a 1.0% membership interest in the Sub-OP designated as Class A units (the "Basis Preferred Interest"). OnNovember 23, 2022 , the Company redeemed the Basis Preferred Interest in full for approximately$8.5 million with a portion of proceeds from thePreferred Equity Investment .
MVB Loans
InDecember 2019 , the Company, theOperating Partnership and BSR entered into a loan agreement (the "MVB Loan Agreement") withMVB Bank, Inc. ("MVB") with respect to a$6.5 million loan consisting of a$4.5 million term loan (the "MVB Term Loan") and a$2.0 million revolving credit facility (the "MVB Revolver"). The MVB Term Loan had a maturity date ofDecember 27, 2022 and the MVB Revolver had an original maturity date ofDecember 27, 2020 , which was extended toJune 27, 2023 . OnMarch 22, 2022 , we entered into agreements (the "MVB Amendments") that provided for a$2.0 million term loan (the "Second MVB Term Loan"). The Second MVB Term Loan had a maturity date ofJune 27, 2023 . OnNovember 23, 2022 , the MVB Term Loan, the Second MVB Term Loan and the MVB Revolver were fully repaid for approximately$6.8 million with a portion of the proceeds from thePreferred Equity Investment .
Lamont Street Preferred Interest
In connection with the closing of the Highlandtown and Spotswood Mergers onMay 21, 2021 andJune 4, 2021 , respectively,Lamont Street contributed an aggregate of$3.9 million in exchange for a 1.0% preferred membership interest (the "Lamont Street Preferred Interest") inBSV Highlandtown Investors LLC ("BSV Highlandtown") andBSV Spotswood Investors LLC ("BSV Spotswood") designated as Class A units.Lamont Street is entitled to a cumulative annual return of 13.5% (the "Lamont Street Class A Return"), of which 10.0% is paid current and 3.5% is accrued.Lamont Street's interests are to be redeemed on or beforeSeptember 30, 2023 (the "Lamont Street Redemption Date"). The Lamont Street Redemption Date may be extended by us toSeptember 30, 2024 andSeptember 30, 2025 , in each case subject to certain conditions, including the payment of a fee equal to 0.25% ofLamont Street's net invested capital for the first extension option and a fee of 0.50% ofLamont Street's net invested capital for the second extension option. If the redemption price is paid on or before the Lamont Street Redemption Date, then the redemption price will be equal to (a) all unreturned capital contributions made byLamont Street , (b) all accrued but unpaidLamont Street Class A Return and (c) all costs and other expenses incurred byLamont Street in connection with the enforcement of its rights under the agreements. Additionally, at the Lamont Street Redemption Date,Lamont Street is entitled to (i) a redemption fee of 0.50% of the capital contributions returned and (ii) an amount equal to (a) the product of (i) the aggregate amount of capital contributions made and (ii) 0.26 less (b) the aggregate amount ofLamont Street Class A Return payments made toLamont Street (the "Lamont Street Minimum Multiple Amount"). The Lamont Street Minimum Multiple Amount of approximately$1.0 million was recorded as interest expense in the consolidated statement of operations during the second quarter of 2021. As ofDecember 31, 2022 , the remaining Lamont Street Minimum Multiple Amount was approximately$0.3 million . OurOperating Partnership serves as the managing member of BSV Highlandtown and BSV Spotswood. However,Lamont Street has approval rights over certain major decisions, including, but not limited to (i) the incurrence of new indebtedness or modification of existing indebtedness by BSV Highlandtown and BSV Spotswood, or their direct or indirect subsidiaries, (ii) capital expenditures over$100,000 , (iii) any proposed change to a property directly or indirectly owned by BSV Highlandtown and BSV Spotswood, (iv) direct or indirect acquisitions of new properties by BSV Highlandtown or BSV Spotswood, (v) the sale or other disposition of any property directly or indirectly owned by BSV Highlandtown or BSV Spotswood, (vi) the issuance of additional membership interests in BSV Highlandtown and BSV Spotswood, (vii) any amendment to an existing material lease related to the properties and (viii) decisions regarding the dissolution, winding up or liquidation of BSV Highlandtown or BSV Spotswood or the filing of any bankruptcy petition by BSV Highlandtown and BSV Spotswood or their subsidiaries. Under certain circumstances, including an event wherebyLamont Street's interests are not redeemed on or prior to the Lamont Street Redemption Date (as it may be extended),Lamont Street may remove ourOperating Partnership as the manager of BSV Highlandtown and BSV Spotswood. 50 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other Mortgage Indebtedness
As ofDecember 31, 2022 and 2021, we had approximately$180.3 million and$94.9 million , respectively, of outstanding mortgage indebtedness secured by individual properties. The Hollinswood mortgage,Vista Shops mortgage, Brookhill mortgage, Highlandtown mortgage, Cromwell mortgage, Spotswood mortgage,Greenwood Village mortgage,Lamar Station Plaza West mortgage and theMidtown Row mortgage require the Company to maintain a debt service coverage ratio (as such terms are defined in the respective loan agreements) as follows in the table below. Minimum Debt Service CoverageHollinswood Shopping Center 1.40 to 1.00Vista Shops at Golden Mile 1.50 to 1.00Brookhill Azalea Shopping Center 1.30 to 1.00Highlandtown Village Shopping Center 1.25 to 1.00Cromwell Field Shopping Center (1) 1.20 to 1.00Lamar Station Plaza West (2) 1.30 to 1.00Midtown Row (2) 1.15 to 1.00Spotswood Valley Square Shopping Center 1.15 to 1.00 The Shops atGreenwood Village 1.40 to 1.00
(1)
The debt service coverage ratio testing will commenceDecember 31, 2023 with the following requirements: (i) 1.20 to 1.00 as ofDecember 31, 2023 ; (ii) 1.55 to 1.00 as ofDecember 31, 2024 and (iii) 1.35 to 1.00 as ofDecember 31, 2025 and for the remaining term of the loan.
(2)
We were not required to perform the debt service coverage ratio at
In connection with the closing of theMidtown Row acquisition inNovember 2022 , we entered into a$76.0 million mortgage loan secured by the property, which bears interest of 6.48% and matures onDecember 1, 2027 . UntilDecember 1, 2025 , payments made on the loan will be interest-only. InDecember 2022 , we refinanced theLamar Station Plaza West mortgage loan. The new loan has a principal capacity of$19.0 million , of which$18.4 million was funded at closing. This loan matures inDecember 2027 , and carries an interest rate of 5.67%. In addition, the Company refinanced theCromwell Field Shopping Center mortgage loan. The new loan has a principal balance of$15.0 million , of which$10.2 million was funded at closing. This loan matures inDecember 2027 and carries an interest rate of 6.71%.
As of
Fortress Mezzanine Loan In connection with the acquisition ofMidtown Row , we also entered into a$15.0 million mezzanine loan (the "Fortress Mezzanine Loan") secured by 100% of the membership interests in the entity that ownsMidtown Row . The mezzanine loan matures onDecember 1, 2027 . Pursuant to the mezzanine loan agreement, a portion of the interest on the Fortress Mezzanine Loan will be paid in cash (the "Current Interest") and a portion of the interest will be capitalized and added to the principal amount of the Fortress Mezzanine Loan each month (the "Capitalized Interest" and, together with the Current Interest, the "Mezzanine Loan Interest"). The initial Mezzanine Loan Interest rate is 12% per annum, comprised of a 5% Current Interest rate and a 7% Capitalized Interest rate. The Capitalized Interest rate increases each year by 1%. The Fortress Mezzanine Loan (including a prepayment penalty) will be due and payable in connection with a Qualified Public Offering. However, in connection with a Qualified Public Offering, the lender for the Fortress Mezzanine Loan has the right to convert all or a portion of the principal of the Fortress Mezzanine Loan and any prepayment penalty into shares of common stock at a price of$2.00 per share, subject to certain adjustments. The mezzanine loan agreement provides for cross-default in the event of a Trigger Event under the Eagles Sub-OP Operating Agreement or an event of default under the loan agreement for theMidtown Row mortgage. Interest Rate Derivatives We may use interest rate derivatives from time to time to manage our exposure to interest rate risks. OnDecember 27, 2019 , we entered into an interest rate cap agreement on the full$66.9 million Basis Term Loan to cap the previous variable LIBOR interest rate at 3.5%. OnJune 29, 2022 , the Basis Loan Agreement was amended and restated to replace LIBOR with SOFR. The Basis Term Loan bears interest at a rate equal to the greater of (i) SOFR plus 3.97% per annum and (ii) 6.125% per annum. OnAugust 1, 2022 , the interest rate cap for the Basis Term Loan was modified to cap the SOFR rate at 3.5%. This interest rate cap matured onJanuary 1, 2023 . OnNovember 23, 2022 , we entered into an interest rate cap agreement, effectiveJanuary 1, 2023 , on the full$66.9 million Basis Term Loan to cap the SOFR interest rate at 4.65%. As ofDecember 31, 2022 and 2021, the interest rate of the Basis Term Loan was 6.125%. We also entered into two interest rate swap agreements on the Hollinswood loan to fix the interest rate at 4.06%. The swap agreements are effective as ofDecember 27, 2019 on the outstanding balance of$10.2 million and onJuly 1, 2021 for the additional availability of$3.0 million under the Hollinswood loan. 51 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- OnOctober 6, 2021 , we entered into an interest rate swap agreement on the Greenwood Village Loan to fix the interest rate at 4.082%. Since our derivative instruments are not designated as hedges nor do they meet the criteria for hedge accounting, the fair value is recognized in earnings. For the year endedDecember 31, 2022 , we recognized a$3.4 million gain as a component of "Derivative fair value adjustment" on the consolidated statement of operations.
OnNovember 22, 2022 , the Company, theOperating Partnership and the Eagles Sub-OP entered into a Preferred Equity Investment Agreement with the Fortress Member pursuant to which the Fortress Member invested$80.0 million in the Eagles Sub-OP in exchange for the Fortress Preferred Interest. In connection with thePreferred Equity Investment , theOperating Partnership and the Fortress Member entered into the Eagles Sub-OP Operating Agreement, and theOperating Partnership contributed to the Eagles Sub-OP its subsidiaries that, directly or indirectly, ownBrookhill Azalea Shopping Center ,Vista Shops ,Hollinswood Shopping Center ,Avondale Shops ,Greenwood Village Shopping Center andLamar Station Plaza East inNovember 2022 , as well as Cromwell Field inDecember 2022 . The subsidiaries of theOperating Partnership that indirectly own the following eight properties were not contributed to the Eagles Sub-OP in connection with the closing of thePreferred Equity Investment but are required to be contributed to the Eagles Sub-OP on or prior to the applicable outside dates: (i) Highlandtown, (ii) Spotswood and (iii) thePortfolio Excluded Properties . The outside dates for Highlandtown, thePortfolio Excluded Properties and Spotswood areMay 6, 2023 ,June 30, 2023 andJuly 6, 2023 , respectively. Pursuant to the Eagles Sub-OP Operating Agreement, the Fortress Member is entitled to monthly distributions, a portion of which is paid in cash (the "Current Preferred Return") and a portion that accrues on and is added to thePreferred Equity Investment each month (the "Capitalized Preferred Return" and, together with the Current Preferred Return, the "Preferred Return"). The initial Preferred Return is 12% per annum, comprised of a 5% Current Preferred Return and a 7% Capitalized Preferred Return, provided that, until thePortfolio Excluded Properties are contributed to the Eagles Sub-OP, the Capitalized Preferred Return is increased by 4.75%. The Capitalized Preferred Return increases each year by 1%. Commencing onNovember 22, 2027 , the Preferred Return will be 19% per annum, all payable in cash, and will increase an additional 3% each year thereafter. Upon (i) the occurrence of a Trigger Event, (ii) during a three-month period in which distributions on thePreferred Equity Investment are not made because such payments would cause a violation ofDelaware law or (iii) if a Qualified Public Offering has not occurred on or prior toNovember 22, 2027 , the entire Preferred Return shall accrue at the then-applicable Preferred Return plus 4% and shall be payable monthly in cash. As ofDecember 31, 2022 , the Capitalized Preferred Return was approximately$1.0 million and is reflected within Preferred equity investment in the consolidated balance sheets. For the year endedDecember 31, 2022 , we recognized$0.4 million and$1.1 million of Current Preferred Return and Capitalized Preferred Return, respectively, as a reduction to additional paid-in capital in the consolidated statements of equity. Upon the closing of a Qualified Public Offering, unless earlier redeemed, the Eagles Sub-OP must redeem the entire Fortress Preferred Interest by payment in cash to the Fortress Member of the full Redemption Amount (as defined below), provided that (i) the Eagles Sub-OP may elect, in its discretion, not to redeem$37.5 million of thePreferred Equity Investment and (ii)$25.0 million of thePreferred Equity Investment (less the amount of the Fortress Mezzanine Loan converted into common stock in connection with such Qualified Public Offering, if any) will be converted to shares of common stock at a price of$2.00 per share, subject to certain adjustments.The Operating Partnership may cause the Eagles Sub-OP to redeem the Fortress Preferred Interest in whole (but not in part), by payment in cash to the Fortress Member of the full Redemption Amount, as long as the Fortress Mezzanine Loan is repaid in full before or concurrently with such redemption. The "Redemption Amount" is equal to the sum of: (i) all outstanding loans advanced to the Eagles Sub-OP by the Fortress Member in accordance with the terms of the Eagles Sub-OP Operating Agreement, together with all accrued and unpaid return on such loans; (ii) the unredeemed balance of thePreferred Equity Investment ; (iii) an amount equal to the greater of (x) all accrued and unpaid Preferred Return and (y) a 1.40x minimum multiple on the amount of all loans and capital contributions made by the Fortress Member to the Eagles Sub-OP in accordance with the terms of the Eagles Sub-OP Operating Agreement, which minimum multiple shall be reduced to 1.30x upon the consummation of a Qualified Public Offering; and (iv) all other payments, fees, costs and expenses due or payable to the Fortress Member under the Eagles Sub-OP Operating Agreement, including a$10.0 million exit fee unless the Redemption Amount is paid upon or following the completion of a Qualified Public Offering.The Operating Partnership serves as the managing member of the Eagles Sub-OP. However, the Fortress Member has approval rights over certain Major Actions (as defined in the Eagles Sub-OP Operating Agreement), including, but not limited to (i) the adoption and approval of annual corporate and property budgets, (ii) the amendment, renewal, termination or modification of Material Contracts, leases over 5,000 square feet and certain loan documents, (iii) the liquidation, dissolution, or winding-up of the Eagles Sub-OP, the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (iv) taking actions of bankruptcy or failing to defend an involuntary bankruptcy action of the Eagles Sub-OP, the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (v) effecting any reorganization or recapitalization of the Eagles Sub-OP, the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (vi) declaring or paying distributions on any equity security of the Eagles Sub-OP, the Company or any of its subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions, (vii) issuing any equity securities in the Eagles Sub-OP, the Company or any of its subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions, (viii) conducting a merger or consolidation of the Eagles Sub-OP, the Company or theOperating Partnership or selling substantially all the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries or the Eagles Sub-OP and its subsidiaries, (ix) amending, terminating or otherwise modifying the loans secured by the properties indirectly owned by the Eagles Sub-OP, subject to certain exceptions, (x) incurring additional indebtedness or making prepayments on indebtedness, subject to certain exceptions; (xi) 52 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
acquiring any property outside the ordinary course of business of the Company and (xii) selling any property below the minimum release price for such property.
Under the Eagles Sub-OP Operating Agreement, "Trigger Events" include, but are not limited to, the following: (i) fraud, gross negligence, willful misconduct, criminal acts or intentional misappropriation of funds with respect to a property owned by the Company or any of its subsidiaries; (ii) a Bankruptcy Event with respect to the Company or any of its subsidiaries, except for an involuntary bankruptcy that is dismissed within 90 days of commencement; (iii) a material breach of certain provisions of the Eagles Sub-OP Operating Agreement; (iv) monetary defaults or material non-monetary defaults under the Fortress Mezzanine Loan or the mortgage loans secured by properties owned directly or indirectly by the Eagles Sub-OP (including theExcluded Properties ); (v) failure to meet the minimum Total Yield requirements under the Eagles Sub-OP Operating Agreement; (vi) failure to pay the Current Preferred Return (subject to a limited cure period) or failure to make distributions as required by the Eagles Sub-OP Operating Agreement; (vii) the occurrence of a Change of Control; (viii) failure to contribute theExcluded Properties and consummate the related transactions by the applicable outside date; (ix)Mr. Jacoby (A) ceasing to be employed as the chief executive officer of theCompany, (B) not being activity involved in the management of the Company or (C) failing to hold an aggregate of at least 3,802,594 shares of common stock and OP units, in each case subject to the Company's right to appoint a replacement chief executive officer reasonably acceptable to the Fortress Member within 90 days; and (x) material breaches or material defaults of the Company, theOperating Partnership or their subsidiaries under certain other agreements related to thePreferred Equity Investment . Upon the occurrence of a Trigger Event, the Fortress Member has the right to cause the Eagles Sub-OP to redeem the Fortress Preferred Interest by payment to the Fortress Member of the full Redemption Amount upon not less than 90 days prior written notice to the Eagles Sub-OP, unless the Trigger Event is in connection with a Bankruptcy Event, in which case the redemption must occur as of the date of such Trigger Event. Under certain circumstances, including in the event of a Trigger Event or if a Qualified Public Offering has not occurred byNovember 22, 2027 , the Fortress Member has the right (among other rights) to (i) remove theOperating Partnership as the managing member of the Eagles Sub-OP and to serve as the managing member until the Fortress Member is paid the Redemption Amount, (ii) cause the Eagles Sub-OP to sell one or more properties until the entire Fortress Preferred Interest has been redeemed for the Redemption Amount, (iii) cause the Eagles Sub-OP to use certain reserve accounts to pay the Fortress Member the full Redemption Amount, and (iv) terminate all property management and other service agreements with affiliates of the Company. The obligations of theOperating Partnership under the Eagles Sub-OP are guaranteed by the Company. In addition, Messrs. Jacoby and Yockey guaranteed the full payment of the Redemption Amount in the event of a bankruptcy event of the Company or its subsidiaries without the consent of the Fortress Member or certain other events that interfere with the rights of the Fortress Member under certain other agreements related to thePreferred Equity Investment .
Cash Flows
The table below sets forth the sources and uses of cash reflected in our consolidated statements of cash flows for the years endedDecember 31, 2022 and 2021. For the year ended December 31, (in thousands) 2022 2021 Change Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period $ 11,024 $ 9,983$ 1,041 Net cash used in operating activities (4,101 ) (5,586 ) 1,485 Net cash used in investing activities (135,491 ) (20,235 ) (115,256 ) Net cash provided by financing activities 145,599 26,862 118,737 Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period $ 17,031 $
11,024
Operating Activities- Cash used in operating activities decreased by approximately$1.0 million for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 compared to the year endedDecember 31, 2021 . Operating cash flows were primarily impacted by a net decrease in changes in operating assets and liabilities of approximately$1.0 million , of which approximately$2.8 million and$0.4 million is related to the net change in accounts payable and accrued liabilities and receivables due from related parties, respectively. This was partially offset by approximately$1.2 million and$0.9 million related to changes in other assets and accounts receivable, respectively. Investing Activities- Cash used in investing activities during the year endedDecember 31, 2022 increased by approximately$114.8 million compared to the year endedDecember 31, 2021 . During 2022, we acquired two properties and a real estate parcel which resulted in an increase in net cash outflow of approximately$112.1 million . In addition, we had an approximately$3.1 million increase in capital expenditures for real estate during the year endedDecember 31, 2022 as compared to the year endedDecember 31, 2021 . Financing Activities- Cash provided by financing activities for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 increased by approximately$118.7 million compared to the year endedDecember 31, 2021 . The increase resulted primarily from an increase in net borrowings during 2022 under debt agreements, which includes (i) a$91.0 million increase related to the financing of theMidtown Row acquisition; (ii) an$80.0 million increase related to theFortress Preferred Equity Investment ; (iii) a net increase of$2.9 million related to the refinancing ofLamar Station Plaza West ; (iv) a$7.8 million decrease related to the payoff of the Basis Preferred Interest; (v) a net$5.3 million decrease related to the payoff of the MVB Term Loan, MVB Second Term Loan and MVB Revolver; (vi) a net decrease of$3.7 53 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- million due to the refinancing of the Cromwell mortgage loan and payoff of the mezzanine loan; and (vii) a$3.5 million decrease related to the payoff of theLamar Station Plaza East mortgage loan. The net increases in 2022 were offset by net borrowings during 2021, which included (i) a$23.5 million increase related to theGreenwood Village acquisition; (ii) a$3.9 million increase related to the Lamont Street Preferred Interest; (iii) a net increase of$2.8 million related to the refinancing of theVista Shops mortgage loan; (iv) the$1.0 million Lamont Street Minimum Multiple; (v) the receipt of a second unsecured loan under the PPP Program in the amount of$0.8 million ; and (vi) a$1.4 million decrease related to the payoff of the Cromwell land loan. Additionally, debt origination and discount fees increased by approximately$6.3 million during the year endedDecember 31, 2022 compared to the prior year.
Inflation
Inflation primarily impacts our results of operations as a result of wage pressures and increases in utilities and repair and maintenance costs. In addition, inflation could also impact our general and administrative expenses, the interest on our debt if variable or refinanced in a high-inflationary environment, our cost of capital, and our cost of development, redevelopment, maintenance or other operating activities. Substantially all of our leases provide for the recovery of increases in real estate taxes and operating expenses. In addition, substantially all of our leases provide for annual rent increases. We believe that inflationary increases may be offset in part by the contractual rent increases and expense escalations previously described. In addition, our leases for the residential portion ofMidtown Row generally have lease terms of 11.5 months or nine months, which we believe reduces our exposure to the effects of inflation, although an extreme and sustained escalation in costs could have a negative impact on our residents and their ability to absorb rent increases.
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