Financial Results
for the Six Months Ended September 30, 2023
November 14, 2023
Dai-ichi Life Holdings, Inc.
Contents
⚫ | Key Highlights | P.2 |
⚫ Group Companies Performance Overview | P.10 | |
⚫ | Group EEV | P.19 |
⚫ | Reference Data | P.25 |
Currency Exchange Rates(TTM)
As of end | ¥/US$ | ¥/Euro | ¥/AU$ |
September 2023 | ¥149.58 | ¥158.00 | ¥96.06 |
June 2023 | ¥144.99 | ¥157.60 | ¥95.77 |
March 2023 | ¥133.53 | ¥145.72 | ¥89.69 |
December 2022 | ¥132.70 | ¥141.47 | ¥89.57 |
September 2022 | ¥144.81 | ¥142.32 | ¥94.17 |
June 2022 | ¥136.68 | ¥142.67 | ¥93.90 |
Group Company Name Abbreviation, Equity Share and Fiscal Year
Domestic Insurance Business | Equity Share Fiscal Year | ||||||
DL | Dai-ichi Life | 100% | |||||
DFL | Dai-ichi Frontier Life | 100% | |||||
Apr -Mar | |||||||
NFL | Neo First Life | 100% | |||||
ipet | ipet Holdings | 100% | |||||
Overseas Insurance Business | |||||||
PLC | [USA] Protective Life Corporation | 100% | Jan - Dec | ||||
TAL | [Australia] TAL Dai-ichi Life Australia | 100% | |||||
Apr -Mar | |||||||
PNZ | [New Zealand] Partners Group Holdings | 100% | |||||
DLVN | [Vietnam] Dai-ichi Life Insurance Company of Vietnam | 100% | |||||
DLKH | [Cambodia] Dai-ichi Life Insurance (Cambodia) | 100% | Jan - Dec | ||||
DLMM | [Myanmar] Dai-ichi Life Insurance Myanmar | 100% | |||||
SUD | [India] Star Union Dai-ichi Life Insurance Company | 45.9% | Apr -Mar | ||||
PDL | [Indonesia] PT Panin Dai-ichi Life | 40% | |||||
OLI | [Thailand] OCEAN LIFE INSURANCE PUBLIC COMPANY | 24% | Jan - Dec | ||||
DLRe | [Bermuda] Dai-ichi Life Reinsurance Bermuda | 100% | |||||
Other Business (Asset Management) | |||||||
AMOne | Asset Management One | 49%(Voting rights) | |||||
30%(Economic interest) | |||||||
Apr -Mar | |||||||
VTX | Vertex Investment Solutions | 100% | |||||
1
Key Highlights
Profit
Steady progress towards ¥270bn of the full-year forecast, both in Domestic and Overseas
- Steady progress to achieve 64% of the full-year forecast(Up +24% YoY)
Group | ¥173.2bn | Domestic | ▶ Flat, lower profits due to interest and dividends at DL and higher expenses at DFL were offset by improved | ||
gains from core insurance activities. Steady progress to achieve 57% of the full-year forecast | |||||
Adj. Profit | Domestic | ¥108.7bn | Overseas | ▶ Up, due to factors such as an increase in underlying profit and economic fluctuations, etc. at TAL. | |
Overseas | ¥58.6bn | ▶ Steady progress to achieve 69% of the full-year forecast | |||
▶ Up +8% YoY | |||||
EEV | ¥7.9tn | Group EEV increased from the end of the previous fiscal year due to higher interest rates and | |||
stock prices in Japan and an increase in overseas subsidiaries due to yen depreciation. | |||||
Top Line
Growth
New Business
(NB)
DFL sales continued to drive the Group
NB ANP | ▶ Up +28% YoY (excl. FX effects) | |||
¥239.5bn | Domestic | Up +45% - DFL maintained strong sales (not only of US dollar-denominated products but JPY- | ||
Domestic | ¥181.9bn | denominated products) | ||
Overseas | ¥57.6bn | Overseas | Down (8%) - Decline at DLVN due to lower momentum in Vietnamese bancassurance market. | |
VNB | ▶ | Down (92%) | ||
Decreased YoY due to lower sales volume at DL and DLVN, lower YoY sales of management insurance | ||||
¥5.0bn | at PLC, and the effect of investment yield assumptions in calculation at DFL and PLC. | |||
We have lowered full-year forecast to approx. ¥25.0bn considering the impact of DL's misstatement | ||||
of VNB (announced in September), etc. |
2
Group | Overseas |
Highlights: Group Adj. Profit (Progress by Domestic and Overseas) Domestic | Others |
- Domestic: Steady Progress
Steady progress at DL (a recovery from COVID-19 payments in the previous fiscal year partially offset the decrease in investment income), despite slow progress at DFL due to an increase in new policy related expenses and provision of reserves resulting from strong sales.
- Overseas: Steady Progress
Although progress rate remained low at PLC, which recorded a loss from the bankruptcy of FRC(1) in Q1, supported by high progress at TAL, progress overseas business as a whole was close to 70%.
Group Adj. Profit (Domestic / Overseas)
(¥ in billion) | +24% |
173.2
5.8
139.8
58.6
31.3
113.2 108.7
Others
Overseas
Domestic
(4.7)
FY2022 FY2023
Q2(YTD) Q2(YTD)
(1)FRC: First Republic Bank
Progress vs. Full-year Forecasts | Group Adj. | (reference) | ||
Profit (¥bn) Progress Change YoY | ||||
Group | 173.2 | 64% +24% | ||
Domestic | 108.7 | 57% | (4%) | ||
Steady progress toward full-year forecasts, as lower | |||||
interest and dividend income due to reduction in currency | |||||
DL | hedged bonds was offset by improvement in insurance- | 116.8 | 64% | +4% | |
related gains and losses due to the absence of the impact | |||||
of the COVID-19 payment. | |||||
Slow progress toward the full-year forecast continued | |||||
DFL | due to new policy related expenses (agency commissions, | (8.8) | - | - | |
etc.) and provision of reserves, in line with strong sales. | |||||
Overseas | 58.6 | 69% | +86% | ||
Despite the benefit of yen depreciation, progress rate for | |||||
PLC | the full year remained low due to the loss recorded in Q1 | 14.6 | 37% | - | |
from the bankruptcy of FRC. | |||||
Progress exceeding the full-year forecast due to | |||||
TAL | improvement in underlying profit following Q1 and the | 32.7 | 131% | +19% | |
impact of rising interest rates and yen depreciation. | 3 | ||||
Highlights: Profit - Group Adjusted Profit and Net Income
Group Overseas
Domestic Others
- Group adj. profit increased by 24.0% YoY, to ¥173.2 bn. DL reported a YoY increase as a decrease in interest and dividends income and a deterioration in gains/losses on derivative transactions were offset by recovery on gains from core insurance activities. DFL posted a YoY decline due to a heavy burden of provision of foreign currency standard policy reserves, etc., reflecting strong sales. PLC and TAL reported a YoY increase due to a reduction in valuation losses (due to higher interest rates) and an increase in underlying profit, respectively.
- Group net income increased 31% YoY to ¥157.4 bn, despite a loss on interest rate fluctuations included in MVA-related gains/losses at DFL
Drivers affecting Group Adj. Profit | Adj. Profit to Net Income | ||||||||||||||
(¥ in billions) | Domestic (¥4.5bn) | Overseas +¥27.3bn | *Note: This chart shows the figures where the PLC's subsequent events and the profit/loss | ||||||||||||
(+) Gains/Losses from sale of | on intra-group reinsurance with DLRe at DFL and NFL are reflected onto each company's | ||||||||||||||
(+) Gains from core | (+) Underlying profit | stand-alone adjusted profit. | |||||||||||||
securities | |||||||||||||||
insurance activities | |||||||||||||||
(ー) Increase of provision for | |||||||||||||||
(ー) Positive spread | |||||||||||||||
contingency reserves etc. | |||||||||||||||
Amortization | |||||||||||||||
of goodwill | |||||||||||||||
DFL | Others | ||||||||||||||
MVA related | |||||||||||||||
gains(losses), etc. | |||||||||||||||
(+)DLRe Assets and liabilities valuation adjustments | |||||||||||||||
+4.7 | |||||||||||||||
(+) Equity in earnings of affiliates(3) +2.9 etc. | |||||||||||||||
(+) Gains/Losses on sale of | (+) Decrease of valuation losses | Group | |||||||||||||
Group | securities, foreign exchange | ||||||||||||||
gain or loss etc. | Adj. Profit | ||||||||||||||
Adj. Profit | Net Income | ||||||||||||||
(-) Derivative transactions gains | FY2023 | ||||||||||||||
FY2022 | FY2023 | ||||||||||||||
Q2(YTD) | |||||||||||||||
Q2(YTD) | Q2(YTD) | ||||||||||||||
DL | DL | DFL | NFL | PLC | TAL | DLVN | Other | Asset | DLRe, | ||||||
Fundamental Capital, | Overseas | Management | HD, etc. | (Drivers affecting Adj. Profit to net income) | |||||||||||
Profit | (1) | etc.(1) | |||||||||||||
FY2023 | 142.6 | (25.8) | (8.8) | 0.7 | 14.6 | 32.7 | 7.4 | 3.8 | 1.6 | 4.1 | 173.2 |
Q2(YTD) | |||||||||||
FY2022 | 138.2 | (26.3) | 5.6 | (4.2) | (5.2) | 27.4 | 7.8 | 1.3 | 2.4 | (7.1) | 139.8 |
Q2(YTD) | |||||||||||
- Fundamental profit before tax. "DL Capital etc." includes changes in corporate tax, net capital and non-recurrent gains(losses).
- As TAL and PNZ have adopted IFRS 17 from FY2023, the prior comparative period (FY2022 Q2(YTD)) figures are restated on IFRS 17 basis in this table.
- Gain (loss) arising from the increase in equity interest in Japan Investor Solutions & Technologies Co.,Ltd
(21.3) (5.6) +11.1 157.4
(16.2) | (4.1) | +0.6 | 120.1 |
4
Highlights: Drivers affecting Group VNB /Group EEV
Group Overseas
Domestic Others
- VNB decreased 92% YoY to ¥5.0bn, due to lower sales volume at DL and DLVN, lower sales of management insurance at
PLC, and the impact of investment spread assumptions at DFL and PLC - Group EEV increased by 8% from the FY2023 due to an increase in the value of in-force business in DL, etc. by higher domestic interest rates and stock prices, as well as the realization of expected profits and a significant increase of approx. ¥500bn in the difference between actual results and economic assumptions thanks to the upturn in the financial markets.
Group VNB
(¥ in billions) | (92%) |
59.2
Drivers affecting Group VNB /Group EEV
Drivers affecting Group EEV
(¥ in billions)
+7.6%
Difference between Assumptions and result
(Economic Assumptions) Changes
DL
34.2
DFL
NFL
7.0
Overseas
10.7
5.0
3.3
7.1
3.4
(0.2)
(1.5)
FY2022 FY2023
Adjustment
(Including foreign
exchange change, etc.)
Expected
existing business
contribution
VNB (Non-Economic
Assumptions)
Changes
(-) Review of unit cost assumptions(DL)
DFL | Others | |
PLC | Others | |
DL |
(+) Stock prices rise | +280.0 |
(domestic) | |
(+) Interest rates rise | +190.0 |
(domestic) | |
(-) Inflation rate rise | (140.0) |
etc. |
Q2(YTD) Q2(YTD)
Mar-23 | Mar-23 | Sep-23 | 5 |
After Adjustments | |||
Highlights: Revised full-year forecast for VNB
Group Overseas
Domestic Others
- For Domestic business, in addition to the misstatement (announced in Sep. 2023) and reflection of sales forecasts onwards at DL, other factors included an increase in investment assets which actual investment yields were not reflected in the calculation due to changes in the investment portfolio at DFL and lower VNB margin at NFL. For Overseas business, in addition to the decline in sales volume at DLVN, other factors included the fact that for some of the products in the retirement business at PLC, investment yields that exceeded the discount rates used in EV calculations were not reflected.
- At DL, although there is a recovery trend in the value of sales revenue including our group products, it is expected to take a certain amount of time for its substantial recovery in sales performance of its own products.
New business factor Decomposition | |||
Revised full-year forecast for VNB | Drivers affecting for each company | (DL Sales reps Channel )(2) |
(¥ in billions) | 1.00 | 0.83 | 0.84 | 0.92 | ||||||||
0.82 | ||||||||||||
0.74 | ||||||||||||
① (Announced in Sep. 2023) | ||||||||||||
① (18.5) | ||||||||||||
Impact of DL VNB misstatement | 1.00 | |||||||||||
(¥ in billions) | DL | 0.77 | ||||||||||
② Reflection of Sales Results in | 0.65 | |||||||||||
0.62 | 0.59 | 0.63 | ||||||||||
② (1.5) | ||||||||||||
Forecasts | ||||||||||||
1.00 | 0.84 | 0.95 | ||||||||||
0.83 | 0.82 | |||||||||||
0.72 | ||||||||||||
① [DFL] | ||||||||||||
1.00 | ||||||||||||
Significant growth in sales | ① (1.0) | |||||||||||
(Thousands) | 0.78 | 0.67 | 0.74 | |||||||||
volume was offset by widening | 40 | 0.65 | 0.65 | |||||||||
DFL/ | gap between expected rate of | |||||||||||
NFL | return and discount rate used in | 37 | 37 | 36 | ||||||||
EV calculations | 35 | 36 | ||||||||||
35 | ||||||||||||
② [NFL] | ② (4.0) | 35 | ||||||||||
34 | ||||||||||||
Decrease in main products sales | 33 | |||||||||||
32 | ||||||||||||
30 | 31 | 31 | ||||||||||
Revised | ① [PLC] | 30 | ||||||||||
Initial | DL | DFL/NFL | Overseas | ① (25.0) | ||||||||
Forecast | ・Negative factor on calculation | |||||||||||
Forecast | ||||||||||||
Over | in retirement business | 25 | ||||||||||
Revised | 10.0 | 15.0 | 0.0 | ・Negative impact by interest | ||||||||
seas | ||||||||||||
Forecast | rate fluctuation | |||||||||||
Initial | 30.0 | 20.0 | 35.0 | ② [DLVN] | ② (10.0) | 20 | ||||||
Revised sales volume forecast | 22-Q1 | 22-Q2 | 22-Q3 | 22-Q4 | 23-Q1 | 23-Q2 | ||||||
Forecast |
(1)Redefined employees with less than one full year of service at the time of the revision of the staffing system implemented in 22/Q1 as first year under the new system. | Sales reps | |
(1) | ||
(2)Includes actual values related to sales of DL products (3) A proprietary indicator of revenue earned by the sales force. Equivalent to the value of new business | Sales reps (excl. first-year reps) | |
excluding variable factors in the economic environment.(4) Calculated using the value of operating revenues for each period as the numerator. (5)Denominator is the | ||
number of sales excluding the first year (6) Figures indexed with FY2022 Q1 as 1 |
Value of sales revenue(3)(5)
(incl. groupproducts )
Value of sales revenue(3)(6)
Value of sales revenue per sales reps(3)(4)(5)(6)
(incl. group products)
Value of sales revenue per sales reps(3)(4)(5)(6)
6
Group | Overseas |
Highlights: New Business - New Business and In-force Business ANP Domestic | Others |
▶ New business ANP for the Group as a whole increased 29% YoY to ¥239.5 bn (+28% excluding forex impact).
▶ In domestics, DFL continued to maintain high sales volume, especially for US dollar-denominated products and others, which continue to enjoy high interest rates, and led the entire group. NFL also increased YoY, resulting in a 45% YoY increase in overall domestic sales. On the other hand, sales of DL products continued to decrease YoY.
▶ Overseas sales decreased 8% YoY excluding forex (△4% including forex impact) due to the impact of lower sales in the bank channel at
DLVN. | New Business ANP | In-force Business ANP |
New Business and In-force Business ANP
FY2022 FY2023 Change Q2(YTD) Q2(YTD) YoY
As of | As of | Change |
Mar-23 | Sep-23 | |
New Business ANP
(¥ in billions) | +29.1% |
(+27.7% excl. exchange rate impact)
239.5
185.5
Domestic life
protection type products
share
[figures in brackets for DL]
19% | 12% |
[71%] | [65%] |
FY2022 FY2023
Q2(YTD) Q2(YTD)
Domestic Overseas
In-force Business ANP
+5.5%
(+1.3% excl. exchange rate impact)
4,525.0 4,773.8
As of | As of | |
Mar-23 | Sep-23 | |
Domestic | Overseas | |
( in billions)
Domestic | 125.8 | 181.9 | +44.6% | ||
DL | 25.2 | 22.3 | (11.6%) | ||
o/w Third sector | 16.3 | 13.9 | (14.6%) | ||
DFL | 94.6 | 149.9 | +58.4% | ||
o/w DL channel | 25.1 | 35.7 | +42.3% | ||
NFL | 5.8 | 6.3 | +8.4% | ||
o/w DL channel | 3.7 | 4.0 | +6.3% | ||
ipet | - | 3.2 | - | ||
Overseas | 59.7 | 57.6 | (3.5%) | ||
(8.0%) | |||||
PLC | 35.4 | 36.7 | +3.5% | ||
(2.4%) | |||||
TAL | 4.9 | 6.5 | +32.3% | ||
+29.7% | |||||
PNZ | - | 1.6 | +0.0% | ||
+0.0% | |||||
DLVN | 19.0 | 12.0 | (36.5%) | ||
(38.5%) | |||||
DLKH/DLMM | 0.28 | 0.56 | +95.3% | ||
+92.0% | |||||
+29.1% | |||||
Dai-ichi Life Group | 185.5 | 239.5 | +27.7% | ||
3,119.6 | 3,219.4 | +3.2% |
+1.0% | ||
1,997.7 | 1,968.2 | (1.5%) |
701.9 | 697.0 | (0.7%) |
964.4 1,106.4 +14.7%
+7.6%
- 111.2 (10.9%)
- 33.5 +2.9%
1,405.3 | 1,554.4 | +10.6% |
+2.1% | ||
680.5 | 772.3 | +13.5% |
+3.9% | ||
549.6 | 593.0 | +7.9% |
+0.7% | ||
50.0 | 54.1 | +8.1% |
+1.5% | ||
124.2 | 133.5 | +7.5% |
(1.3%) | ||
0.90 | 1.31 | +45.7% |
+33.4% | ||
+5.5% | ||
4,525.0 | 4,773.8 | +1.3% |
% change shown lower excludes exchange rate impact | 7 |
FY2023 Group Earnings Forecast
Group Overseas
Domestic Others
- Ordinary revenues was revised upward mainly due to an increase in premiums and other income of DFL and foreign exchange gains.
Downwardly revised group VNB forecast based on sales results up to Q2.
FY2022 | FY2023 | Change | Actual | FY2022 | FY2023 Forecast | Change | ||||||||
( in billions unless otherwise noted) | Q2(YTD)(3) | Q2(YTD) | YoY | (%) | vs. Forecast | Actual | May. 2023 | Revision | vs Mar.2023 | |||||
Ordinary revenues | 5,619.0 | 5,536.7 | (82.3) | (1%) | 66% | 9,519.4 | 8,353.0 | - | - | |||||
Dai-ichi Life | 2,068.6 | 1,933.2 | (135.3) | (7%) | 54% | 4,139.8 | 3,565.0 | - | - | |||||
Dai-ichi Frontier Life | 2,515.5 | 2,217.7 | (297.7) | (12%) | 93% | 3,999.2 | 2,385.0 | - | - | |||||
Protective (US$ in millions)(1) | 8,861 | 6,975 | (1,886) | (21%) | 68% | 12,931 | 10,280 | - | - | |||||
TAL (AU$ in millions)(1) | 4,280 | 4,608 | + 327 | + 8% | 56% | 8,331 | 8,290 | - | - | |||||
Ordinary profit | 236.1 | 264.5 | + 28.4 | + 12% | 57% | 410.9 | 465.0 | - | - | |||||
Dai-ichi Life | 221.2 | 212.0 | (9.1) | (4%) | 61% | 353.5 | 349.0 | - | - | |||||
Dai-ichi Frontier Life | (11.4) | (38.6) | (27.2) | - | - | 13.9 | 19.0 | - | - | |||||
Protective (US$ in millions)(1) | (49) | 11 | + 61 | - | 4% | 190 | 260 | - | - | |||||
TAL (AU$ in millions)(1) | 380 | 467 | + 87 | + 23% | 120% | 567 | 390 | - | - | |||||
Net income(2) | 120.1 | 157.4 | + 37.3 | + 31% | 58% | 192.3 | 273.0 | - | - | |||||
Dai-ichi Life | 111.9 | 116.8 | + 4.8 | + 4% | 64% | 165.6 | 183.0 | - | - | |||||
Dai-ichi Frontier Life | (10.6) | (31.0) | (20.4) | - | - | 6.4 | 15.0 | - | - | |||||
Protective (US$ in millions)(1) | (38) | 8 | + 47 | - | 4% | 138 | 200 | - | - |
TAL (AU$ in millions)(1) | 285 | 333 | + 48 | + 17% | 123% |
Group Adjusted Profit | 139.8 | 173.2 | + 33.3 | + 24% | 64% |
Group VNB | 59.2 | 5.0 | (54.2) | (92%) | 20% |
Dividends per share () |
409 | 270 | - | - |
184.4 | 270.0 | - | - |
87.8 | approx.85.0 | approx.25.0 | (60.0) |
86 | 86 | - | - |
(Reference) Fundamental Profit | 207.4 | 215.8 | + 8.3 | + 4% | 50% | 364.2 | approx.430.0 | - | - | |
Dai-ichi Life | 138.2 | 142.6 | + 4.3 | + 3% | 51% | 257.1 | approx.280.0 | - | - | |
(1) Figures for Protective and TAL are disclosed after re-classifying items from Protective and TAL's financial statements under US and Australian accounting standards, respectively to conform to Dai-ichi Life Holdings' disclosure standards. | 8 | |||||||||
(2) "Net Income" represent "Net income attributable to shareholders of parent company." (3) As TAL have adopted IFRS 17 from FY2023 Q1, the figures for TAL for FY2022 Q2 are restated on IFRS 17 basis. |
Dai-ichi Life - Currency Hedged Bond Investment (Balance)
Group Overseas
Domestic Others
- In response to the high level of currency hedging costs, the plan to sell currency hedged bonds was implemented ahead of schedule. The book value of currency hedged bonds with currency forward contracts fell to less than ¥1tn.
- As a result of the balance reduction, the full-year forecast for hedging costs has been lowered to approx. ¥70bn, the level forecasted at the beginning of the period. Future balance reductions will be implemented flexibly as needed, in consideration with market interest rates trends.
Breakdown of Currency Hedged Bonds | Gains (losses) on Currency Hedged Bonds |
(Carrying amount) | |
19.1%
Carrying amount share
FY2022 | FY2023 |
Q2(YTD) | Q2(YTD) |
in general account | 16.8% | Currency | Currency | (Ref.) | ||||||
Currency bonds | ||||||||||
hedged bonds | hedged bonds | |||||||||
(¥ in trillions) | (1) | |||||||||
( in billions) | (unhedged) | |||||||||
Unrealized gains | 7.22 | Interest, dividends | 81.5 | 32.6 | 25.4 | |||||
(losses) | 0.50 | and other income | ||||||||
6.27 | ||||||||||
0.12 0.19 | Currency hedging cost | (23.2) | (37.0) | - | ||||||
0.13 | 10.8% | |||||||||
0.49 | Gains (losses) on | |||||||||
Currency hedging | 0.19 | (150.1) | (48.7) | 4.6 | ||||||
sale of securities | ||||||||||
accounting impact | ||||||||||
3.71 | ||||||||||
0.58 | 6.7% | Carrying amount | 3,717.3 | 1,662.4 | 1,332.1 | |||||
Book value before | 6.39 | 0.23 | Book value | 4,114.9 | 1,766.5 | 1,281.1 | ||||
4.9% | ||||||||||
currency hedging | 5.44 | 2.22 | ||||||||
Unrealized gains(losses) | (397.5) | (104.0) | 51.0 | |||||||
accounting impact | ||||||||||
0.20 | ||||||||||
(Currency swap) | 1.66 | |||||||||
0.31 | ||||||||||
3.30 | 0.18 | |||||||||
(Ref.) | ||||||||||
Book value before | 0.60 | Book value | ||||||||
1.84 | ||||||||||
currency hedging | Book value before | |||||||||
0.98 | (accounting) | 3,532.5 | 1,586.4 | |||||||
accounting impact | currency hedging | |||||||||
(Currency forward) | △0.39 | △0.12 | △0.10 | accounting impact | ||||||
Mar-21 | Mar-22 | Sep-22 | Mar-23 | Sep-23 |
(1) Including foreign bond investment trusts | 9 |
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Dai-ichi Life Holdings Inc. published this content on 14 November 2023 and is solely responsible for the information contained therein. Distributed by Public, unedited and unaltered, on 14 November 2023 14:57:57 UTC.